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The Future of Digital Marketing: Balancing Technology and Human Values
The future of digital marketing is increasingly shaped by technological advancements such as artificial intelligence (AI), big data analytics, marketing automation, and predictive algorithms. These innovations enable organizations to understand consumer behavior, personalize interactions, and improve operational efficiency. However, the growing dependence on technology has raised concerns regarding consumer privacy, transparency, authenticity, and the preservation of human values in business relationships. As consumers become more conscious of how organizations use their data and influence their decisions, businesses face the challenge of balancing technological innovation with ethical and human-centered practices. This conceptual article examines the evolving relationship between technology and human values in digital marketing. It discusses the transformative impact of emerging technologies, explores the importance of trust, empathy, transparency, and authenticity, and proposes strategies for achieving a balanced approach to future marketing practices. The article argues that sustainable business success in the digital era will depend on organizations' ability to integrate technological capabilities with respect for human dignity and consumer well-being.
Copyright (c) 2022 Christopher Ryan Thompson; Abhishekar Reddy Allam https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Feminist Literary Inquiry: Analyzing Gender Dynamics in the Works of Begum Rokeya and Anita Desai
This research explores gender dynamics and feminist perspectives through a comparative analysis of the works of two prominent South Asian authors: Begum Rokeya Sakhawat Hossain and Anita Desai. While Rokeya, a pioneering Bengali feminist, critiques the patriarchal structures of early 20th-century colonial India in Sultana's Dream and Abarodhbashini, Desai, a postcolonial Indian English writer, delves into the psychological complexities of contemporary Indian women in novels such as Cry, the Peacock and The Domestic Maid. Both authors challenge gender norms and address the subjugation of women within patriarchal societies, though they do so in distinct ways. Rokeya presents an idealized feminist utopia where women hold power and lead society, using satire and progressive narratives to advocate for women’s education and liberation. In contrast, Desai’s works reveal the inner emotional and psychological struggles of women, emphasizing the impact of societal and familial expectations on their lives. This study applies feminist literary theory, with a focus on intersectionality, patriarchy, female agency, and resistance, to examine how these two authors portray gender relations and the impact of social, cultural, and historical contexts on women’s experiences. By comparing their approaches, this research underscores the importance of feminist literary inquiry in understanding the complexities of gender and power in South Asian literature.
Copyright (c) 2024 Md. Nawsher Oan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Rethinking Online Marketing in Bangladesh: A Comprehensive Study on Platform Interactivity and the Need for Integrated Promotion Strategies
Online platforms have rapidly gained prominence worldwide among both individuals and businesses. In Bangladesh, internet connectivity has expanded significantly over the past decade, creating a dynamic environment for online marketing and digital interaction. This study investigates the interactivity of various online platforms and examines how different types of content engage, attract, and retain customers. By analysing connectivity, content management, and platform usage, this research highlights the critical factors that shape effective digital communication and promotional strategies. The findings underscore the urgent need for businesses in Bangladesh to adopt integrated, consumer-driven online marketing approaches to enhance reach, frequency, and competitive advantage in an increasingly digital marketplace.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ahmad Bin Yamin https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
The Impact of Globalization on Intercultural Communication and Education: A Qualitative Study
Globalization has profoundly transformed the dynamics of intercultural communication and education, creating both opportunities and challenges in our increasingly interconnected world. This qualitative study examines the impact of Globalization on cultural interaction, technological advancements, and educational reform. Drawing on document analysis, semi-structured interviews, and focus group discussions with educators, communicators, and policymakers from diverse backgrounds, the study reveals that Globalization promotes cross-cultural understanding and collaboration but also raises concerns about cultural homogenization, inequality, and miscommunication. The findings are organized into three principal themes: the effects of Globalization on intercultural communication, its implications for global educational systems, and the opportunities and challenges it poses for inclusiveness and cultural preservation. The transformative role of technology—particularly social media and video conferencing—is highlighted for its capacity to enhance global connectivity, while also exposing communication barriers and marginalizing non-English speakers. In education, Globalization has led to curriculum internationalization and the expansion of online learning, democratizing access but also widening the digital divide and reinforcing Western-centric models. The study concludes with recommendations to balance the benefits of Globalization with the preservation of cultural diversity and equity. These include promoting multilingualism, integrating local knowledge into global curricula, and addressing technological gaps. This research provides actionable insights for educators, policymakers, and communicators to navigate the complexities of Globalization and foster a more inclusive and culturally sensitive global society.
Copyright (c) 2025 Farjana Soriya Enny, Motia Mannan, Tarekol Islam Maruf https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Improving Traffic Management and Pedestrian Safety in Urban Bangladesh: Insights from Rangpur City Corporation
Rapid urbanization has led to various problems in Bangladesh, especially in urban areas like Rangpur, where traffic management and pedestrian safety have become significant challenges. This study intends to explore the current stage of traffic management and pedestrian safety in Rangpur City and to bring out some suggestions for improvement. A mixed method approach was employed to gather data by integrating a quantitative survey with 200 pedestrians and a qualitative Key Informant Interview with 10 academicians, government officials, and urban planning experts. Descriptive analysis for the quantitative data and thematic analysis for the qualitative data were carried out to analyze the collected data. The results indicate significant deficiencies in pedestrian infrastructure, for example, bad sidewalk conditions, absence of pedestrian crossings, and very low presence of traffic police during peak hours. Furthermore, low public awareness of pedestrian safety was found to be a significant factor in worsening pedestrians' risks. The study suggests a wide range of infrastructural development, such as well-constructed roads, foot over bridges, and a higher number of traffic police on the streets, in addition to public awareness campaigns and stricter enforcement of traffic laws. Implementing the suggested measures could significantly improve pedestrians' safety and traffic management in Rangpur, leading to a safer urban environment per global safety standards.
Copyright (c) 2024 Samantha Tamrin https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Automation in Advanced Fluid Flow Analysis: Revolutionizing Thermal Management Solutions in Engineering
This paper examines how automation in advanced fluid flow analysis has transformed engineering thermal management systems. The primary goal is to study how AI, ML, and HPC may improve fluid dynamics simulation accuracy, efficiency, and scalability to match the rising complexity of current thermal systems. A thorough literature review synthesizes AI-driven predictive modeling, real-time monitoring, design optimization, and multiscale analytical advances. AI can increase predictive skills, expedite design processes, and offer adaptive, real-time thermal system management. Automation also integrates multiphysics and multiscale issues, enabling energy-efficient aerospace, automotive, and data center solutions. Data availability, model interpretability, and automation integration with engineering processes remain issues. Standardized frameworks, more cooperation between academics, businesses, and regulators, and investments in accessible, sustainable technology may help foster wider adoption. By tackling these difficulties, fluid flow analysis automation may enhance thermal management, minimize energy consumption, and help build sustainable engineering solutions.
Copyright (c) 2024 Deekshith Narsina; Arjun Kamisetty; Christopher Ryan Thompson; Krishna Devarapu https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
AI-Driven Optimization Techniques for Evolving Software Architecture in Complex Systems
This work uses AI-driven optimization to improve software design in complex systems by addressing scalability, flexibility, and performance while balancing conflicting goals. AI methods, including machine learning, reinforcement learning, and evolutionary algorithms, are studied to optimize architectural design and adaption in dynamic situations. The research synthesizes literature, case studies, and technical reports to assess AI-driven methodologies and find gaps in current practices using secondary data. AI approaches improve software system flexibility, scalability, and efficiency, especially multi-objective Optimization and hybrid methods. Data quality, computational costs, interpretability, and ethics still prevent mainstream usage. Policy implications emphasize the need for transparent, fair, and secure AI-driven optimization regulations. Addressing these difficulties and allowing responsible AI implementation requires promoting data governance, explainable AI standards, and business, academic, and government engagement. This paper emphasizes AI's transformational potential in software architecture evolution and calls for continuing research and policy creation to overcome present limits and lead future advances.
Copyright (c) 2023 Nicholas Richardson; Srinikhita Kothapalli; Abhishake Reddy Onteddu; RamMohan Reddy Kundavaram; Rajasekhar Reddy Talla https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Integrating Cybersecurity Best Practices in DevOps Pipelines for Securing Distributed Systems
This research examines how DevOps pipelines might improve distributed system security by incorporating cybersecurity best practices. The main goals are to find effective security solutions that can be integrated into the software development lifecycle and to evaluate their influence on agile vulnerability reduction. The study synthesizes literature and industry practices to highlight major conclusions via secondary data review. Early integration of security practices, security testing automation, and a security-first culture are essential for integrating cybersecurity into DevOps operations. The research also emphasizes constant monitoring and incident response to reduce security vulnerabilities. Policy recommendations include adaptive cybersecurity frameworks encouraging automated security procedures and cross-functional cooperation between development, operations, and security teams. Additionally, regulatory agencies should give explicit rules targeted to DevOps concerns. These tips help firms resist emerging cyber threats while preserving DevOps agility and speed. This holistic strategy helps firms secure sensitive data and maintain user and stakeholder confidence in a changing digital context.
Copyright (c) 2023 Aditya Manikyala; Hari Priya Kommineni; Abhishekar Reddy Allam; Md. Nizamuddin; Narayana Reddy Bommu Sridharlakshmi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Weeding Frequency to Increase Productivity of Sorghum in Gumara -Maksegnit Watershed
In the Amhara region, Ethiopia, sorghum production took 655,671 hectares of land, of which North Gondar zone accounts for one-third of it, 204, 686 ha. But its productivity is low, around 1.9 tons per hectare. Sorghum production has so many constraints, insect pest, disease, and weed infestation are the most known among them. Farmers in the Northwestern Ethiopia, Gumara-maksegnit watershed have no weeding habit of their sorghum at the right time and frequency because they believe that weed-free crops at the early stage of the crop will be infested with stalk borer damage and after at the beginning of September they start to weed their land and used the weed as a feed for their animal. Therefore the objective of this study was to determine the weeding frequency of sorghum in Gumara-maksegnit watershed, North Western Ethiopia in order to increase its productivity. The experiment was conducted in the Gumara- maksegnit watershed for two cropping seasons (2014-2015) in the main season at three sites. The experimental design was arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Treatments like weed-free, unweeded, and farmers practice treatments, hand weeding once, two times hand weeding, three times hand weeding, and Shelshalo were studied. According to the combined analysis of variance of the two-year data showed that weed-free treatments gave the highest yield (3314 kg/ha) followed by two times and three times hand weeding. However, there was no significant difference between weed-free and two times hand weeding. Therefore, two times hand weeding is recommended for Gondar Zuria and similar agroecological areas.
Copyright (c) 2020 Yimer Abeje, Tsedalu Jemberu, Tesfay Jorgi
Dismantling the Patriarchal Hierarchy in Willa Cather’s A Lost Lady
This research paper is focused on how Willa Cather portrays the inner rebellion and the passion of a female character, Marian Forrester in her novel A Lost Lady. She walks against the social norms and she is presented as a rigid character who dismantles the male created hierarchy woman as a subordinate being in the society. Though she is married and living happily with her husband, somewhere deep down in her heart she is not happy with her husband. Marian seems to transcend her husband’s order. At that time female were not allowed to enjoy their freedom like the males. Marian goes against male hegemony and to create her separate identity. As a qualitative research, by using radical feminism as a tool of interpretation, the researcher collected textual evidenced from Cather’s novel and interpreted them to fulfill the objective of this research. This research concludes that Cather’s Marian has dismantled the social hierarchy created by the male superiority or patriarchy in the novel.
Copyright (c) 2020 Ramesh Prasad Adhikary
Profitability Attributes and the level of Disclosure: A Study on Listed Pharmaceutical Companies of Bangladesh
The objective of the study is to examine empirically the likely association between the level of disclosure and various profitability attributes. In order to identify the determinants of disclosure, regression analysis, multiple linear regression techniques have been used. The analysis and discussion of the study have already established the fact that the extent of disclosure varies across pharmaceutical company and across various sections of pharmaceutical company annual reports. The paper has been prepared having in minded the significant corporate attributes that are significantly associated with the level of disclosure.
Copyright (c) 2012 Md. Shakawat Hossain https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
A Survey on How Dynamically Changes Topology in Wireless Sensor Network
Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) capable new applications and requires non-conventional paradigms for protocol design due to several constraints. Owing to the prerequisite for low device complexity together with low energy consumption (i.e., long network lifetime), a proper balance between communication and signal/data processing capabilities must be established. This motivates a mammoth endeavour in research performance, standardization procedure, and engineering investments on this field since the last decade. This paper aims at reporting an overview of WSNs technologies, key applications and principles, characteristics in WSNs plan, and evolutions. In scrupulous, several unusual applications, such as those based on ecological monitoring, are discussed and design strategies painted; a case study based on an actual function is also reported. Trends and realistic evolutions are traced. In this paper we have to talk about a range of objectives of existing topology and their limitation. Finally we conclude a proposed solution and its advantage and limitation in focus of our view.
Copyright (c) 2012 Tamim Al Mahmud https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
A Novel Musculoskeletal Joint Modeling for Orthopaedic Applications
The objective of the work carried out in this research was to develop analytical and computational tools to model and investigate musculoskeletal human joints. It was recognised that the FEA was used by many researchers in modelling human musculoskeletal motion, loading and stresses. However the continuum mechanics played only a minor role in determining the articular joint motion, and its value was questionable. This is firstly due to the computational cost and secondly due to its impracticality for this application. On the other hand, there isn’t any suitable software for precise articular joint motion analysis to deal with the local joint stresses or non standard joints. The main requirement in orthopaedics field is to develop a modeller software (and its associated theories) to model anatomic joint as it is, without any simplification with respect to joint surface morphology and material roperties of surrounding tissues. So that the proposed modeller can be used for evaluating and diagnosing different joint abnormalities but furthermore form the basis for performing implant insertion and analysis of the artificial joints. The work which is presented in this research is a new frame work and has been developed for human anatomic joint analysis which describes the joint in terms of its surface geometry and surrounding musculoskeletal tissues. In achieving such a framework several contributions were made to the 6DOF linear and nonlinear joint modelling, the mathematical definition of joint stiffness, tissue path finding and wrapping and the contact with collision analysis. In 6DOF linear joint modelling, the contribution is the development of joint stiffness and damping matrices. This modelling approach is suitable for the linear range of tissue stiffness and damping properties. This is the first of its kind and it gives a firm analytical basis for investigating joints with surrounding tissue and the cartilage. The 6DOF nonlinear joint modelling is a new scheme which is described for modelling the motion of multi bodies joined by non-linear stiffness and contact elements. The proposed method requires no matrix assembly for the stiffness and damping elements or mass elements. The novelty in the nonlinear modelling, relates to the overall algorithmic approach and handling local non-linearity by procedural means.
Copyright (c) 2012 Neriman Ozada, Seyed Saeed Madani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Anthropology an Intellectual Tradition and Contemporary Relevance
The notion of invariable human nature has been an important subject of enquiry and continues even in the modern times. The relative malleability has been argued in recent centuries by the early mechanists Thomas Hobbes and Jean Jaques Rousseau. As Rousseau stated “We do not know what our nature permits us to be” thinkers like Hegel and Marx argued against invariable human nature. Still more recent scientific perspective such as behaviorism, modern psychology claims to be neutral in this regard. To them human’s origin posses underlying mechanism, having capacities for change and diversity, which ultimately is a violation of the classical philosophical anthropology. The resulting fragmentation, as a consequence, has impacted intellectual enquiry. It is pertinent to say that the new dialectics of change fail to comprehend ethics and moral values, which are associated with higher aim, realization of good life, politics implied to reach agreements on better conditions, and realization of rationality (which engages in enquiry to realize the common good), thereby jeopardizing place of humanity in the cosmos. The new global forces have made people powerless, reduced them to a cog in the environment of uncertainty, ultimately leading to a looming war of all against all that is inexorably destroying the conditions for life. The policies and characteristics of the modern state and their bureaucracies rather accelerate these sequences which may lead to eradication of humanity. In this paper we try to resolve issues of legacy, along with the new dialectical patterns of globalization.
Copyright (c) 2012 Hina Qanber Abbasi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Plan and Policies for Success in the Business World: A Conceptual Study
Bangladesh is a land of opportunity. The individual has the opportunity to obtain an education, to select his occupation, and to make progress in his chosen work. Bangladesh is a country where many people are working. More than one of every ten persons in our nation is employed. While opportunities for employment are almost unlimited, the happiest workers are those who have learned a trade or a profession, who are successful in working with others and who are efficient producers. Each worker who strives to do his best gains much personal satisfaction from his employment helps produce goods and services at reasonable prices and contributes to the welfare of his community and his nation.
Copyright (c) 2012 Md. Asraful Alam, Md. Motaharul Islam https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
The Impact of Collaborative Task on the FL Vocabulary Acquisition
Previous literature has revealed that collaborative manner of learning improves the second language acquisition. The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of a collaborative learning task compared to direct method on the FL vocabulary acquisition. To this end, two groups of intermediate EFL learners (N=38) were treated through collaborative task and direct method respectively. The learners were subjected to a pretest, a Snowball task and a direct method, and a post test over a period of one month. The result of T-test data analysis revealed that collaborative learning task played a significant role in improving learner’s vocabulary knowledge, and there was significant difference between the present collaborative learning task and direct learning method .Therefore, the findings of this study have implications for teachers , learners, and syllabus and textbook designers.
Copyright (c) 2012 Bahador Sadeghi, Roya Safari https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
From Providing ‘Alternative Punishment’ to Offering ‘Punishment in the Community’: The History and Development of Community Penalties in Britain
The idea of dealing with offenders in the community rather than sending them to prison has a long history. We have moved far away from the pre-eighteenth century era where punishment meant punishing the body to the eighteenth and nineteenth century where offenders were segregated from their communities often putting them into prisons, which is still one of the dominant forms of punishment in the present days. From late nineteenth century until now, we can observe a move towards punishing and controlling offenders in the community. Basically, the community penalties started its journey as providing ‘alternative to custody’ measures aimed at the welfare and therapy of offenders outside the prison walls. This rationale provided base for the sentencing practices for quite a long time. However, during 1970s, this rational came under attack from some research evidences suggesting that rehabilitation programmes are ineffective in reducing offending. This paper highlights a brief history of the main community penalties in Britain. It specifically focuses on the reason for a change in approaches of community penalties from providing ‘alternative to punishment’ to offering ‘punishment in the community’.
Copyright (c) 2012 Basharat Hussain, Waheed Chaudhry, Ali Askar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Environmental Factors that influence Supply Chain Management Implementation in the Manufacturing Industries in Kenya: A Case of Manufacturing Industries in Nairobi, Kenya
The study looked at the factors influencing the implementation of supply chain management in the manufacturing industries in Kenya. The target population was the 52 manufacturing industries in Nairobi. Data was collected using questionnaires and semi-structured interview guide. A logit model was used to draw inferences on the factors influencing the implementation of supply chain management implementation in the manufacturing industries in Kenya. Two factors were found too positively and influence implementation of supply chain management implementation in the manufacturing industries in Kenya, while two other factors we found to hinder the implementation of supply chain management implementation in the manufacturing industries in Kenya.
Copyright (c) 2012 Stephen Waithaka Titus, Tom Kimani Mburu, Julius Koror, Stephen Muathe https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
An Analytical Study on Determining Effective Factors for Recruiting Right Person
The general aim of this study is to evaluate and measure the effectiveness of recruitment and selection and its impact on service delivery amongst staff within the Development of Human Resource Policy. Research has shown that motivated and satisfied employees are more productive and that there is an improvement on service delivery. Factors, which influence employee motivation, are inter alia as efficient recruitment and selection methods, achievement, advancement, being treated with respect and personal growth and development. It is suggested that a possible way to succeed with recruitment and selection would be to gain their full co-operation with the aims and goals of the national objectives and the objectives of the department, to achieve, maintain and enhance the service delivery of staff, who are also potential future leaders in the organization. This should be coupled to a commitment to excellence and efficiency in the organization in general.
Copyright (c) 2012 Md. Sajedur Rahman, Md. Shajedul Islam https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Mainstreaming Homosexuality in Nollywood: The Efforts and the Challenges
A critical analysis of the attempts by Nollywood, the melodramatic video-film industry in Nigeria, to address and mainstream the notion of homosexuality in Nigeria and across the continent. Using the cultivation theory and the inter-group contact theory, the study explores the notion of mainstreaming of homosexuality by the very popular medium across Africa. How has this particular medium address the issue of homosexuality in society through characterization and plot? Since Nollywood is a highly didactic medium, what messages about homosexuality are being presented and how do these messages contribute to or erode from existing conceptions and misconceptions about homosexuality in Nigeria? Has the medium, in its portrayal of homosexuality, contributed to the moral panic on the issue or help deflect the moral panic? The analysis is done against the backdrop of the ongoing legal, social and political homophobic rhetoric currently engulfing Nigeria and other African nations. The focus of the study is the frequency of reference to homosexuality in the society, the characterization of homosexual persons in the video-films and the narratives of the homosexual person in relation to heterosexuals in the society. The video-films examined are: Emotional Crack (2003); Men in Love (2010) and Mind Game (2010). The results indicate that while more plots and characterization is being done by Nollywood to make homosexuality salient to the society, the characterizations of homosexuality is unsympathetic at best and even dubious in certain circumstances. In the one instance where a strong and sympathetic characterization is employed, the plot is undermined to restore the mainstream socio-religious homophobic discourse.
Copyright (c) 2012 Adedayo Ladigbolu Abah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Improving Lime’s Reactivity Towards Flue Gas Desulfurization by using Fly Ash, Bottom Ash and Waste Activated Sludge
Lime reactivity was improved by blending it with either fly ash, bottom ash or waste activated sludge (W.A.S). The reactivity was tested using a pH-stat apparatus which simulates wet flue gas desulfurization (FGD). Temperature, solid to liquid ratio and stirring speed were varied in addition to lime to additive ratio in optimization tests. Design expert’s central cubic design was used in the design of experiments to aid with regression analysis. Temperature had the highest effect whereas W.A.S was the best additive then fly ash and finally bottom ash. The results were confirmed by the use of fixed bed apparatus where the best sorbents from each additive was tested in dry FGD. In a bid to explain the results, BET surface area analysis was used where the sorbent from the blend of lime and W.A.S had the highest improvement in surface area.
Copyright (c) 2013 Paul Maina https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Performance of a Solar Humidification Dehumidification Desalination System on December 27th and 28th in North Cyprus
The present study is concerned with desalinating the saline water, using the humidification dehumidification method. An open air open water cycle is chosen, whilst forced air circulation is applied. The system utilizes water and air heating technique. The energy required for heating the air is provided by solar radiation, while the required energy for heating the water is provided by electricity. The goals of this study are: a) To study different existing systems in the literature; b) To review the governing equations for each segment of the desalination unit; and c) To conduct and experiment on the above described humidification dehumidification desalination unit under North Cyprus winter conditions. The solar air heater placed to azimuth angle of -20, with a tilt angle of 45 . According to the experiment, the optimum flow rate for water stream is 4 Lt/min, while the air flow rate is 1.5m3/min. Besides, the inlet water temperature to the evaporator is kept at 55◦c. The maximum productivity of 1.55 Lt/day.m2 is achieved for this condition. The present experiment implies that the maximum productivity is achieved with higher temperature of both air and water streams into the evaporator, higher flow rate for water and lower flow rate for air.
Copyright (c) 2013 Uğur Atikol, Reza Enayatollahi, Seyed Saeed Madani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Leasing: An Alternative Financing Mechanism for SMEs
In almost every developing country Small and Medium enterprises (SMEs) are treated as the engine for economic growth and the availability of external finance for them is a topic of significant research interest to academics and policy makers around the globe. SMEs need improved access to finance especially for acquiring capital equipment and applications of new technology for operations. However, their access to finance is restricted because they do not have reliable credit histories, adequate capitalization or additional assets for collateral. Most of the financial institutions are reluctant to provide term loans or cash flow based lending to the SME sector. Thus, SMEs face severe disadvantages while trying to obtain financing relative to larger and more established firms. On the other hand, leasing is an asset-backed, term financing product. It focuses basically on the ability of lessee’s cash flow generation from their regular business operations to service the lease payment, rather than on the asset base. In this connection, this paper investigates how as an alternative financing mechanism, leasing can be the useful tool in facilitating greater access to finance for SMEs. From the survey of the paper it is found that out of 46.67% who got the access into the formal financial institutions only 7.14 per cent of the enterprises avail the lease facilities. So it is strongly suggested that developing the leasing sector as a means of delivering finance increases the range of financial products in the marketplace and provides a route for accessing finance to SMEs that would otherwise be impossible.
Copyright (c) 2013 Md. Mosharref Hossain https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
The Mathematical Model and the Simulation Modelling Algoritm of the Multitiered Mechanical System
The technique of building а mathematical model of arbitrary multitiered mechanical system has been examined in this article. The relationship between the components of the system is determined using a graphic-vector scheme. Location of items in space is determined by the equations of the motion of a free body in vector form. The algorithm of building a mathematical model of the multitiered mechanical system has been also formed. The method is demonstrated on the example.
Copyright (c) 2013 Demin Anatoliy, Kovalev Ivan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Enhancing Food Security through Acclimatized Species Domestication in the Haor Region
Stratagem to promote improvement based on the cultivating, nurturing, harvesting, jamboree, processing, collecting period and diversifying of acclimatized species implicitly target households as principal beneficiaries in haor region of Bangladesh. This paper suggests that the cultivation and domestication of acclimatized species can play important roles for enhancing food security in these co-managed areas. Sunamgonj is a haor based district in Bangladesh where local communities are affected by the unwanted deluge throughout the approximately six months round the year. Most of haor inhabitants are hampered on food insecurity including fundamental needs and networks in this period. For these overcomes, succession of vegetative-floristic compositions including fauna and genetic diversification introduced in these areas not only for upliftment of food security but also shelter bank free from devastating. This study focuses on four Upazillas in Sunamgonj that derive a significant portion of their livelihoods from providing of cultivated species including flora and fauna in the mentioned haor region. The author applied social science methods for relevant data and information collection surrounding these haor areas. About 65% respondents of these regions are opined for seasonal species cultivation and domestication through the co-managed partners both government and development organizations including national and international agencies. The author wants to aware for species selection, domestication, tending, training and development among the enthusiastic farmers on the priority requirements on species gene bank to accomplish a broader concept of food security and to ensure that short-term food benefits lead to longer-term food security. It concludes that both research on the cultivation and domestication of acclimatization and co-management practices that are needed to allow haor inhabitants to continue to live ensuring food security round the year in this region within a sustainable manner of haor resources. Finally, the author infers the future research trajectories of the co-managed approaches and recommendations for how to further sustainable develop the probable domesticated resources alternatively for food security in the aforesaid.
Copyright (c) 2013 Md. Rahimullah Miah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Socio-Business Consideration of Garment Workers in Bangladesh: A Statistical Review
RMG sector is the most influential economic contributory sector in Bangladesh. Fifty percent and more revenue in GDP approximately are generated from this sector. Therefore, it is very much important to analyze the socio-business consideration of garment sector in Bangladesh. So far, since 80’s garment industries had been booming in Bangladesh. These types of industries face challenges and take the advantage over different opportunities throughout more than three decades. Here, this paper suggested that the socio-economic as well as the business-statistical review of the garment industries in Bangladesh by providing some field research. This paper attempted to provide an overview of the industry in monitoring, standard of living, mix assessment and compliance (which is provided by foreign buyers) aspects.
Copyright (c) 2013 Naiem Jalal Uddin Ahmed, Ms. Nasima, Naznin Alam https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Investors’ Perception for Transforming Traditional Stock Market into Islamic Stock Market: An Empirical Study on Dhaka Stock Exchange
Muslim investors should concern not only about maximizing profits but also be aware about the justification of Islamic guidelines and invest to whose stocks which are shariah compliant. The severity of the current market fall as well as financial crisis has shaken the foundations of the capitalist financial and capital market system and has led to search for ideas and solutions. So it is imperative to explore all possible approaches that enhance the process of mobilizing Islamic financial resources and expanding shariah compatible investment like investment in Islamic stock market. This paper is few attempts that identify some failures of conventional stock market as well as favorable position of Islamic stock market and investors’ perception regarding the topic. Study covers 201 respondents to collect data and analyze it by using five point Likert scale. This study found that investors feel to get separate Islamic stock market with Islamic shariah and principles but not to transfer traditional stock market into Islamic stock market. The study revealed that they desire to get stable and minimum risk market for Islamic stock with halal income whereas they want to make more profit anyhow from the existing market preferably.
Shariah compliant and non compliant stock
Copyright (c) 2013 Md. Saheb Ali Mondal, Nazma Akter, Mohammad Afsar Kamal https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
HIV/AIDS Risk among the Children of Bangladesh
Everyday more than thousands of people are becoming infected with HIV/AIDs worldwide nearly half of them are women. According to the joint United Nations Program on HIV/AIDs (JNAIDs) “2010 Report on the Global Aids Epidemic”, 2.5 million children around the world are living with HIV/AIDs. Most HIV infections are passed from mother to child during pregnancy. Bangladesh as a developing country, in spite of resource scarcity, has been operating some significant policy initiatives with the active role from both governmental and non-governmental bodies to prevent and mitigate the impact of the epidemic in the families. Though there is, no notable program running in Bangladesh especially for children developed awareness as well as preventing them from HIV and AIDS. This Study reviews current knowledge of mother-to-child HIV transmission in developing countries, summarizes key findings from the trials, outlines future research requirements, and implementing prenatal HIV prevention interventions in resource-poor settings. Successful implementation of available prenatal HIV interventions could substantially improve global child survival. As for this, to formulate a complete strategy and action plan in both national and local level for this alarming issue is an utmost necessity.
Copyright (c) 2013 Nasrin Zahan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Lessons from Mahatma Gandhi for Today’s School Principals: An Instructional Model
This article presents Mahatma Gandhi’s leadership styles, ethical principles, and practices that school principals and those aspiring to become school administrators should learn and apply in their schools. The model intends to reinforce the principals’ understanding the value of applying some of Gandhi’s leadership styles in Kenyan schools. This theoretical research was based on the existing literature on Gandhi’s leadership in India and principals’ leadership including their principles and practices in Kenya. The study found that good leadership in this technologically changing world needs a principal who is innovative, supportive, knowledgeable, people-oriented and skilled in matters related to curriculum implementation. It was further found that good principals initiate, empower, and create good relationships with faculty and other school community members in order to transform their schools.
Copyright (c) 2013 Samuel O. Obaki, Anthony Sang, Paul Ogenga https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Economic Globalization, Income Inequality and Economic Growth in Nigeria: A Static Data Analysis (1986-2010)
This study examines the impact of economic globalization on income inequality and economic growth in Nigeria from 1986 to 2010. The study methodology was mainly Static Linear Econometric Model. Two models were used to test the two dependent variables simultaneously. The findings revealed that economic globalization had caused a widening income inequality as well as reduced economic growth of Nigerian economy due to much emphasis on financial globalization and other macroeconomic imbalances rather than trade globalization. It is therefore recommended that for Nigeria economy to exploit the gains of economic globalization just like the Asian Tigers, the Government should demonstrate good governance at all tiers of government through protectionist domestic policy, fiscal efficiency, political stability, adequate infrastructural provisions and encourages entrepreneurship development in Non-oil sectors to drastically reduce income equality between the unskilled and skilled labours.
Copyright (c) 2013 Oluwatosin O. Ogunyomi, Olusegun Richard Daisi, Rasaq Adebola Oluwashikemi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0