Asian Journal of Humanity, Art and Literature
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Trauma and Displacement: Exploring the Diasporic Experience in Amitav Ghosh’s The Shadow Lines
This qualitative research examines the themes of trauma and displacement in Amitav Ghosh’s The Shadow Lines, focusing on the diasporic experiences of key characters, including Tridib, the unnamed narrator, Thamma, Mayadebi, Ila, and May. The study employs close textual analysis to examine how the characters’ lives are disrupted by migration, war, and the partition of India, leading to a fractured sense of identity and belonging. By analyzing Ghosh’s narrative techniques and the shifting geographical settings, the research highlights the psychological impact of dislocation and the struggle of migrants to integrate into new, unfamiliar lands. The paper reveals that the characters’ fragmented experiences and the trauma of displacement reflect a broader diasporic condition marked by cultural alienation and a perpetual search for home. Ghosh’s portrayal of these individuals’ emotional, cultural, and physical displacements highlights the profound impact of historical and political upheavals on personal identities and interpersonal relationships, underscoring the enduring legacy of dislocation in the collective memory of the diaspora. Through this approach, the study sheds light on the complex interplay between memory, history, and identity in shaping the diasporic consciousness.
Copyright (c) 2025 Liton Baron Sikder, Md. Jobaar Talukder https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Post-COVID Physical and Mental Health Outcomes among Adults in Dhaka North City Corporation, Bangladesh
The recent COVID-19 pandemic has imposed threats on both physical and mental health since its outbreak. This study aimed to explore the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health among a representative sample of home-quarantined Bangladeshi adults. A cross-sectional design was used with an online survey completed by a convenience sample recruited via social media. A total of 1,427 respondents were recruited, and their mental health was assessed by the DASS-21 measure. The prevalence of anxiety symptoms and depressive symptoms was 33.7% and 57.9%, respectively, and 59.7% reported mild to extremely severe levels of stress. Perceptions that the pandemic disrupted life events, affected mental health, jobs, the economy and education, predictions of a worsening situation, and uncertainty of the health care system capacities were significantly associated with poor mental health outcomes. Multivariate logistic regressions showed that socio-demographic factors and perceptions of COVID-19 significantly predict mental health outcomes. These findings warrant the consideration of easily accessible low-intensity mental health interventions during and beyond this pandemic.
Copyright (c) 2023 Kawsher Rahman https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
The Echoes of Partition: Representations of the 1947 Bangla Division in Bengali Short Stories
The devastating 1947 Partition of Bengal caused significant harm to the social, cultural, and psychological fabric of Bengali society. This study examines how the Partition is portrayed in a few preselected Bangla short stories, focusing on themes of violence, displacement, identity, and loss. The research intends to examine how these stories portray the psychological and emotional suffering of the Partition through realism, symbolism, and stream of consciousness through a qualitative examination of linguistic strategies, including Rabindranath Tagore's The Home and the World, Tahmima Anam's The Bones of Grace, and Sunil Ganguly's The Refugee. The results imply that these stories contribute to a broader cultural understanding of the lingering consequences of the Partition in addition to capturing the psychological suffering of the individual and the community. This study concludes a significant difference by considering the value of Bangla short stories as a tool for understanding and attempting to preserve the memories of the Partition.
Copyright (c) 2024 Farjana Soriya; Tarekol Islam Maruf; Motia Mannan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Breaking Barriers: A Study of Women's Motorcycling Culture and Practices in Bangladesh
This study explores the motivations, challenges, and policy implications for female motorcycle riders in Bangladesh. As more women take up motorcycle riding for independence, passion, and economic reasons, understanding their experiences is vital for effective policy-making. The research examines demographics, education, and occupations of female riders, highlighting benefits such as increased flexibility, empowerment, and access to opportunities. It addresses challenges like safety concerns, social stigma, limited maintenance services, and harassment, along with perceptions of safety in traffic-heavy areas and the availability of repair services. The study evaluates awareness and effectiveness of current government policies, recommending targeted measures to enhance the safety and welfare of female riders. Findings indicate that supportive infrastructure and inclusive policies can positively impact society, providing essential insights into the experiences of female motorcycle riders in Bangladesh.
Copyright (c) 2022 Md Shelim Miah, Sraboni Rahman https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Herman Melville’s Poetics / Politics in “The Encantadas”
Melville’s fictional narrative The Encantadas (1854) and his letter to his brother Gansevoort, a democratic politician who passionately supported U.S expansionism, will allow us to explore Melville’s politics of action; i.e., his critique of the Mexican war and his doubts about Manifest Destiny. Simone De Beauvoir, French writer and feminist, insists that we are ethically compelled to do all we can to change oppressive institutions. De Beauvoir demonstrates the need to take sides, acting politically and with an ethical vision. Her action illustrates the links she sees between the embodied individual consciousness and political action. For her the alternative is simple and clear-cut. Either you align yourself with the “contemporary butchers rather than their victims” (1962: 20) or reject their atrocities and stand against them through active fights. The idea of narrative secrecy - Hunilla’s rape - is gradually revealed to the reader through Melville’s narrative omission revealing the female character as a practitioner of narrative secrecy as her right. This paper explores the female character’s twofold otherness, the native and female as distinguished from the civilized and male, which designates her as the living embodiment of these dualities, the binary oppositions upon which Western Civilization rests. Her ‘double otherness’ is expressed in the figure in which race and gender emblematically intersect. The racial and sexual differences are equated to dramatize the power relationship between the native and the colonizer where the white male colonizer has both racial and sexual superiority. Hunilla’s otherness is most fully articulated by textual interruptions. The denunciation of rape through a narrative strategy – elision - mediates Melville’s politics as action.
The Paradox of Retail Automation: How Self-Checkout Convenience Contrasts with Loyalty to Human Cashiers
The paradox of retail automation lies at the intersection of self-checkout convenience and consumer loyalty to human cashiers. This study explores consumer preferences, behaviors, and perceptions regarding self-checkout and human cashier experiences in retail. The study examines the dynamics of checkout experience preferences, usage patterns, and demographic variations through consumer surveys and analysis of key performance indicators. Significant findings highlight the enduring value of human interaction in the retail experience despite the efficiency gains offered by self-checkout technology. The study underscores the importance of balancing efficiency with personalized service, recommending strategies such as hybrid checkout models, staff training, and technological optimization. Policy implications emphasize the need for regulations prioritizing consumer protection and workforce development in an increasingly automated retail landscape. By understanding and addressing the paradox of retail automation, retailers and policymakers can navigate the challenges and opportunities presented by automation while preserving the human touch that remains integral to the retail experience.
Copyright (c) 2019 Md. Nizamuddin, Vineel Mouli Natakam, Dipakkumar Kanubhai Sachani, Sai Charan Reddy Vennapusa, Srinivas Addimulam, Kishore Mullangi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Human-Centered Software Development: Integrating User Experience (UX) Design and Agile Methodologies for Enhanced Product Quality
Human-centered software development, or HCSD, ensures software solutions satisfy user needs and expectations. To improve product quality, this study explores how to integrate Agile techniques with User Experience (UX) design inside HCSD. The study's primary goals are to highlight critical results and best practices, investigate the benefits and problems of merging Agile techniques with UX design, and discuss the policy ramifications for businesses. The integration of UX design with Agile processes is examined in this study using a qualitative research methodology that draws on case studies, expert insights, and a literature survey. Essential conclusions include the value of scalable frameworks, transparent communication, cross-functional cooperation, and iterative design. The policy implications emphasize that to overcome integration problems and reap the benefits of HCSD; organizations must invest in UX design expertise, cultural transformation, and the strategic execution of policies. This research highlights the need to incorporate Agile approaches and UX design into HCSD to improve customer satisfaction and product quality. It also provides valuable information for companies looking to implement this strategy successfully.
Copyright (c) 2019 Sridhar Reddy Yerram, Suman Reddy Mallipeddi, Aleena Varghese, Arun Kumar Sandu https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Cyber Sentinel Chronicles: Navigating Ethical Hacking's Role in Fortifying Digital Security
It is impossible to stress how vitally important cybersecurity is in our day and age, characterized by the predominance of digital technologies. The concept of ethical hacking, sometimes known as "white hat" hacking, has recently emerged as an essential technique for protecting digital assets. Ethical hackers are at the forefront of cybersecurity because they use their skills to expose security flaws, put defenses to the test, and safeguard networks from harmful cyberattacks. Their operations are carried out honestly and within the law, primarily emphasizing anticipatorily locating and addressing vulnerabilities in the security system. We delve into the ever-evolving world of ethical hacking and shed light on the crucial part cyber sentinels play in preserving the digital landscape. It demonstrates ethical hackers' methods to find hazards and take preventative measures against them. This article discusses the importance of ethical hacking in strengthening cybersecurity, enhancing privacy, and maintaining the integrity of digital systems and digs deeply into ethical hackers' processes. Uncovering the practices and principles of these cyber sentinels highlights the indispensable role they play in ensuring a secure and resilient online environment.
Copyright (c) 2020 Parikshith Reddy Baddam https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Visual Effects in Movies: Bridging the Imagination-Reality Divide
Visual effects, or VFX, have become essential to contemporary filmmaking. With the use of VFX, directors can take viewers to magical realms, recreate historical epochs, and give life to the wildest of their audiences' imaginations. VFX has revolutionized filmmaking, enabling directors to push the boundaries of storytelling. From otherworldly creatures to breathtaking landscapes, VFX artists bridge the gap between what the mind conceives and what the camera captures. This bridge connects the limitless realm of human imagination with the physical reality of cinematic storytelling. In this article, we highlight the significance of visual effects in modern filmmaking and underline their potential to blur the line between the fantastical and the virtual worlds they portray. In addition, the study digs into the seamless integration of visual effects into live-action sequences, which serves as an example of the artistry required to produce plausible illusions.
Copyright (c) 2022 Mounika Mandapuram https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Road Accident Analysis and Prediction using Machine Learning Algorithmic Approaches
Ongoing studies have anticipated that in 2030, car crashes will be the fifth driving reason for death around the world. The main cause of car crashes is difficult to decide these days because of a complex mix of qualities like the mental condition of the driver, road conditions, climate conditions, traffic, and infringement of traffic rules to give some examples. The expenses of fatalities and driver wounds because of car crashes incredibly influence the general public. The use of machine learning methods in the field of road accidents is picking up speed nowadays. The organization of machine learning classifiers has swapped conventional data mining methods for creating higher outcomes and exactness. This work presents a review of different existing businesses related to accident prediction utilizing the machine learning area. Wounds because of road accidents are one of the most pervasive reasons for death separated from health-related issues. The investigation of road accident seriousness was finished by running an accident dataset through a few machine learning arrangement calculations to see which model played out the best in characterizing the accidents into severity classes, for example, slight, extreme, and fatal. It was seen that calculated relapse to perform multilevel order gave the most noteworthy exactness score. It was additionally seen that variables, for example, the number of vehicles, lighting conditions, and road highlights assumed a part in deciding the seriousness of the accident. Engineers and analysts in the car business have attempted to plan and manufacture more secure vehicles, yet auto collisions are unavoidable. Examples associated with hazardous accidents could be identified by building up a prediction model that naturally orders the sort of injury severity of different traffic accidents. These social and roadway designs are valuable in the improvement of traffic security control strategies. Significantly, estimates be founded on logical and target reviews of the reasons for accidents and the seriousness of injuries. This paper presents a few models to predict the seriousness of the injury that happened during traffic accidents utilizing machine-learning paradigms. We considered networks prepared to utilize machine learning methods. Analysis results uncover that among the machine learning ideal models considered different standards paradigm approaches.
Copyright (c) 2019 Venkata Koteswara Rao Ballamudi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Being a Realistic Master: Creating Props and Environments Design for AAA Games
To maximize the potential of computer games beyond entertainment, it is crucial to lower design and development costs and delegate production to domain specialists. While specialists may be interested in incorporating games, they often need more technical expertise to design or customize games for their requirements. To simplify game creation and improve user experience, we suggest defining games as a mixture of simpler games developed through combinatorial creativity. This method avoids the cognitive strain of learning a new design language. Along with speeding up game descriptions, designers might use a set of archetypical games to achieve their goals rather than starting from scratch. The design technique is enhanced by a game platform that provides authoring tools for exporting game designs to XML files and a game engine that automatically generates a 3D virtual world for play. This study explored how this approach allows designers to build games and evaluate their validity through play iteratively. Here, the combinatorial technique was assessed in two focus groups, demonstrating its viability and appeal among technical and non-technical users.
Copyright (c) 2019 Harshith Desamsetti, Karu Lal https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Levity, an Eccentric Form in Modern Poetry, Unveils Confused Emotion and the Absence of Central Religion
It is widely acknowledged that the inherent component of emotional episodes and modern points of interest lies with the theory of the 'unconscious' state of mind and its influences on human nature. Contemporary poems portray the dilemma of the age in minute analysis of moral & spiritual ailments of lost & misdirected individuals and their anxieties. The objective of the essay is to demonstrate the nature and quality of the mind the poets portrayed. The modern era is a period of disintegration and interrogation following the choice between different ideas and philosophy, religion and science, capitalism, and socialism. And the artifice, levity, is a suitable instrument employed to propagate the complexities and intricacies of contemporary Western urban life to favor the variety of literary techniques such as intertextuality, allusion, juxtaposition, discontinuity, fragmentation, self-consciousness, ambiguity, and emphasis on de-structured subjectivity. Our purpose is to mark the quest of poets to exhibit poor fascination of mind unable to face challenges of the existing world resulting from a lack of spiritual accomplishment or weakening religious consciousness followed by the rise of frivolous persuasion, an improvised task that modern poets endeavored.
Copyright (c) 2022 Md. Lutful Arafat https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Investigating the Prospects of Generative Artificial Intelligence
In this exploratory work, we investigate cutting-edge techniques in machine learning known as Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI). The costs of trial and error during product development can be significantly reduced if faster, more affordable, and more accurate multi-scale materials simulations powered by fully generative artificial intelligence are available. Engineers have spent decades attempting to develop humanoid robots that are both practical and resemble people in appearance and behavior. Because it enables us to circumvent the inherent dimensionality of this obstacle, generative artificial intelligence has the potential to be a beneficial instrument for the current creation process. Moreover, the research underlines that generative artificial intelligence, capable of producing media such as text, images, and audio in response to prompts, appears to improve daily. In addition, numerous technological companies are currently building and releasing their competing systems.
Copyright (c) 2018 Mounika Mandapuram, Sai Srujan Gutlapalli, Anusha Bodepudi, Manjunath Reddy https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Analysis of Multimodal Data Using Deep Learning and Machine Learning
A modality is an event or experience. Life is multimodal, see, hear, smell, feel, and taste. Multimodal experiences involve some world modalities. Artificial intelligence must grasp multimodal views to understand our surroundings. Multimodal machine learning models interact and correlate input from several modalities. It's a multi-disciplinary field with great potential. In this study, we analyze emerging multimodal machine learning technologies and categorize them scientifically rather than focusing on specific multimodal applications. Multimodal machine learning offers more potential and problems than classifications. Most multimodal learning research collects quantitative data from polls and surveys. This research reviews a detailed library of observational studies on multimodal data (MMD) skills for human learning using artificial intelligence-powered approaches including Machine Learning and Deep Learning. This research also describes how MMD has improved learning and in what environments. This paper discusses multimodal learning and its ongoing improvements and approaches to improving learning. Finally, future researchers should carefully consider building a system that aligns multimodal aspects with the study and learning plan. These elements could enhance multimodal learning by facilitating theory and practice activities. This research lays the groundwork for multimodal data use in future learning technologies and development.
Copyright (c) 2017 Sai Srujan Gutlapalli https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
A Comprehensive Study of Current and Future Trends in Cloud Forensics
Organizations are increasingly turning to cloud computing, which offers convenience and provides services based on virtualization technology. Some benefits of cloud computing include accessibility, availability, flexibility, vast storage capacity, speed, flexibility, and on-demand network connectivity. Significant potential security dangers are associated with this new technology, and digital forensics cannot keep up with the rapid adoption of cloud computing solutions. This study gives an overview of cloud forensics to offer better prospects, highlighting the existing problems and difficulties. It also suggests actions that can be taken to address these difficulties.
The Most Celebrated Chinese Writer of the Twentieth Century: An Introduction to Lu Xun
Over the years, many renowned scholars have done several researches about the great writer, Lu Xun and his works. Much interest is centred on him even today. We will examine here, briefly the reasons that is unique in him that he is hailed “the most celebrated Chinese writer of the twentieth century”, through the historical background at that time and his writings.
Decaying Rural Power Structure in Bangladesh: An Observation on the Political Institutions of Sherpur Upazila
It is pretty foolish not to expect any changes in society. In dynamic, all the dimensions of society undergo substantial changes over time. The determiner of these changes is plentiful from the time itself to every sing aspect of human behavior along with the societal, political, economic, and natural components that influence the change. Through this inevitable process, the rural power structure, which was traditional and tribal, has gone through many transitional periods and has now started to take a new shape. By using a qualitative technique and studying an Upazila in Bangladesh, this study can suggest that the rural power structure, which is predominantly autonomic, has lost its self-reliance due to financial dependence on the central government. In addition, the growth of partisan politics in rural societies has created a situation in which it is nearly impossible to differentiate between local and national policies. This is a consequence of the problem created by the rise of partisan politics because partisan politics in rural societies have intensified since their inception. Clientelist politics has taken a firm shape in every allocation of values in an agrarian society. Political and judicial institutions like the Shalish and Gram Samaj have almost disappeared or transformed upside-down. Growing disbelief of the residents, dysfunctional institutions, and politically backed rural leaders have failed to win the faith of the majority of the society, clearly indicating a decaying rustic power structure.
Copyright (c) 2022 Md. Habibullah, Md. Asfaq Salehin
16th Amendment Controversy between Legislature and Judiciary: An Analysis
The constitution is the guide that leads a nation to prosperity. We cannot think of a modern state without it. So, after nine months of long blood-shedding battle in 1971, Bangladesh achieved her long-awaited independence and, therefore, made an instant effort to formulate a constitution rapidly, based on the ideological spirit of the war of independence. However, to accommodate the demands and will of the people and even sometimes to fulfill the narrow interests of the rulers, Bangladesh Constitution has been amended several times. Except for a few cases, almost every amendment; has a tremendous political impact on the constitution. Bangladesh's Constitution was recently revised to include a parliamentary procedure for judicial discipline for high court judges. The previous one supported judicial independence and separation of powers. The current system compromises judicial independence with accountability. As a result, the judiciary seems to fail to maintain its dignity and discharge its sacred responsibility.
Determinants of Satisfaction and Proper Management of Aged Population in Chapai Nawabgonj District in Bangladesh: Multivariate Approach
Improving the ability of the satisfaction and proper management to reach the aged population is important for health and essential to mitigate the income erosion consequences of ill health in Bangladesh. This study examined the satisfaction and proper management of the elderly of some identified disadvantages of aged populations; including the effect of poverty-focused nongovernmental development interventions. The objective of the study is to determine the more influential factors that are affecting the health status and living arrangements of the elderly. The data were collected by direct interview method from Chapai-Nawabgonj District, Bangladesh. The chi-square test and logistic regression model were used to fulfill the objective of this study. The results of this study reveal that among literate the majority percent aged population has at least primary education and slightly over half of them have secondary level education. The majority of the elderly people are low income, economically dependent, living with married children. Also, they are unhealthy to suffer from different kinds of illnesses like Lame, Gastric, Blood pressure, Paralysis, Diabetics, etc. A large number of people is taking treatment from M.B.B.S, and a small portion of people are taking treatment from Homeopathic and Ayurvedic physician. Despite their suffering, most of them do not get the proper care. Television, Newspaper, monthly income-expenditure, family member, and educational status are associated with the satisfaction of elderly people. The logistic regression model exposed that serious operation and proper management are the most major significant factors effects satisfaction. It also exposed that mental torture, a different shelter for the elderly are major significant factors effects proper management. The paper concludes by emphasizing the importance of enhancing local capacities to determine whether self-treatment is indicated, to investigate socio-economic background, or in cases where satisfaction and proper management is sought, to judge provider competence and evaluate whether basic needs are justified. The provision of pharmaceutical training to the full spectrum of satisfied providers is also recommended.
Artificial Intelligence and Traditional Machine Learning to Deep Neural Networks: A Study for Social Implications
There are intriguing opportunities on the road to broad usage of artificial intelligence, as well as challenges that must be solved in order to use machine learning and artificial intelligence technology in industries. On the basis of Google Scholar data, this work systematizes artificial intelligence sections and analyzes the dynamics of changes in the number of scientific papers in machine learning sections. The process of data collection and calculation of dynamic indicators of changes in publication activity, such as the growth rate and acceleration of growth of scientific publications, is presented in detail. Particularly evident in the analysis of publishing activity was the high level of interest in current transformer models, the production of datasets for specific industries, and a significant growth in interest in explainable machine learning approaches. As indicated by the negative correlation between the number of publications published and the number of articles published in a given year, relatively minor study topics are gaining an increasing amount of attention. Results demonstrate that, despite the method's limitations, it is possible to (1) identify rapidly expanding fields of research, irrespective of the number of papers published, and (2) anticipate publication activity in the short term with sufficient accuracy for practical purposes. Results for more than 400 search queries relating to designated study topics and the application of machine learning models to industries are presented in this article in a single document. The suggested method assesses the growth and fall of scientific areas that are related with specific key phrases in terms of their dynamics of growth and decline. It does not necessitate access to huge bibliometric archives and enables for the generation of quantitative estimates of dynamic indicators in a reasonably short time frame.
Copyright (c) 2020 Mahesh Babu Pasupuleti
Education and Healthcare Reforms in Post-Conflict Setting: Case Studies in Kosovo
Kosovo is a small country that was first declared an independent state on 17 February 2008. Albanians make up 90% of the overall population, whereas the Serbs, Turks, Bosnians, and Roma make up to 10% of the total population as the minority group. Before 1999, Kosovo was part of the Yugoslav organization, but after the March –June 1999 conflicts, the North Atlantic Treaty Forces (NATO), thus bringing Kosovo under United Nations administration (Solana, 114-120). Post-conflict recovery is heavy for Kosovo as it entails rebuilding numerous systems' infrastructure for both the healthcare system and education system (Solana, 114-120). The infrastructure and procedures need to be carefully reorganized to curb both communicable and non-communicable diseases to restructure family care and also to better the education provided in Kosovo. The new state is experiencing a slow economic growth rate of less than 4% causing a slow growth rate of both the education and the healthcare system. This rate of economic growth is caused by almost half of the Kosovo people being unemployed and young. The state of the education system in Kosovo has been affected by many different players that have over the years disintegrated the education system and particularly left adverse effects on children and women. According to the PISA international exam for international students OECD exam that was conducted to test the ability of learners to study, Kosovo students became the last three position out of the 73 counties that took the test for math and reading. This shows that the quality of education at these schools is still low. This indicated poor planning in the Kosovo education system for instance the high congestion in schools since due to the overcrowding, students do not get to experience the personalized teaching they require hence both the learners and teachers end up feeling stressed, poor funding for schools in Kosovo, poor working standards and low salaries for teachers. These reforms were to help Albania to reform from the adverse effects of conflict by the Serbians. The aim of these reforms for both healthcare and education was to improve the current unfavorable conditions like lack of equipment as the learners would sit on the floor and write on each other’s backs and hospitals lacked equipment for work.
Emerging of Virtual Reality (VR) Technology in Education and Training
This study comprehensively explores the incorporation of virtual reality (VR) technology into the teaching and training realm. In general, the research investigates and presents the effectiveness of this modern technology in education in relation to the learning process. Besides presenting the multiple benefits of VR in education, the study also highlights the issues that the education department is experiencing while implementing VR as a modern tool of learning. This study will surely help the scholars to get a better insight into different VR aspects in relation to education and will provide them with a future-thinking to resolve the issues to make it a better tool for the education and training sphere.
Copyright (c) 2018 Venkata Naga Satya Surendra Chimakurthi
The Future Of Cloud Computing Amidst A Desperate Security Maze: The Impact Of COVID And The Future Challenges
How far did the covid-19 go in terms of affecting the lives and way of living of people? The outbreak of this deadly virus not only made the people leave their way and stay in isolation but also served a major role in vanishing businesses, making people jobless, causing deaths, and much more. Apart from people losing their lives, there was a massive risk of employees losing jobs, or earning half of what they used to earn. The Covid is influencing the day-to-day routines and methods of experienced individuals. The flare-up of this dangerous virus served a significant job in loss of lives, disappearing organizations, making individuals jobless, isolated, and substantially more. Humans besides losing lives have faced a monstrous situation of losing jobs. With all this when the employees were in a state of work from home, there was an important role played by cloud computing. Its applications played their part in making people achieve their tasks. In this situation, cloud computing has held one side of the rope when employees were in the condition to work remotely. The smart working apps have proved their amazing performances. Its applications had their influence in causing individuals to accomplish their assignments. The truly great individual in the COVID-19 pandemic emergency is the cloud computing environment (CCE). It comprises the high-speed rehearses for administrations that mirror the pattern of quickly deployable applications for keeping up with information. In any case, there is an increment in its utilization, and the exploration shows there is a test to see the performance of CC applications accessibility in regards to the security, data, and everything worried about it. The focal point of this paper is to talk about the difficulties that the Coronavirus has welcomed on cloud computing and what will be the future and further difficulties it.
Copyright (c) 2021 Venkata Naga Satya Surendra Chimakurthi
Identical by Descent (IBD): Investigation of the Genetic Ties between Africans, Denisovans, and Neandertals
Interbreeding between human ancestors and other hominins has been extensively studied outside of Africa, but their shared history within Africa has received less study. However, comprehending subsequent events outside of Africa requires shining light on human evolution during this period, about which little is known. We investigate the genetic relationships of humans. By finding relatively short DNA sequences that these hominins share in the 1000 Genomes Phase 3 data, researchers were able to distinguish between African, Neandertals, and Denisovans descent by identical (IBD). It was confidently detected very short IBD segments by focusing on low frequency and uncommon variations. These segments reflect occurrences from the distant past because small IBD segments are likely older than larger ones. There have been two types of very old IBD segments found that are shared by humans, Neandertals, and/or Denisovans. Longer segments are more common in Asians and Europeans, with more segments in the South. Asians exceed East Asians in both Neandertal and Denisovan cultures. These longer portions indicate complex admixture occurring outside of the admixture events. Africa, the second category comprises shorter pieces that are largely shared among Africans and hence may depict African-related events.
Copyright (c) 2017 Takudzwa Fadziso, Mani Manavalan
Prediction of Human Population Responses to Toxic Compounds by a Collaborative Competition
When it becomes completely possible for one to computationally forecast the impacts of harmful substances on humans, it would be easier to attempt addressing the shortcomings of existing safety testing for chemicals. In this paper, we relay the outcomes of a community-facing DREAM contest to prognosticate the harmful nature of environment-based compounds, considering their likelihood to have disadvantageous health-related effects on the human populace. Our research quantified the cytotoxicity levels in 156 compounds across 884 lymphoblastic lines of cells. For the cell lines, the transcriptional data and genotype are obtainable as components of the initiative known as the Tox21 1000 Genomes Project. In order to accurately determine the interpersonal variations between toxic responses and genomic profiles, algorithms were created by participants in the DREAM challenge. They also used this means to predict the inter-individual disparities of cytotoxicity-related data at the populace level from the organizational characteristics of the considered environmental compounds. A sum of 179 predictions was submitted and then evaluated at odds with experiment-derived data set to the blinded lot of participants. The cytotoxicity forecasts performed better than random, showcasing modest interrelations and consistency with a complexity of trait genomic prognostics. Contrastingly, the response of population-level predictions to a variety of compounds proved higher. The outcomes spotlight the likeliness of forecasting health-associated risks with regards to unidentified compounds, despite the reality that one’s risk with estimation accuracy persists as suboptimal. Most of the computational means through which chemical toxicity can be predicted are more often than not based on non-mechanistic cheminformatics-inspired solutions. They are typically also reliant on descriptions in QSAR arsenals and usually related to chemical structures rather vaguely. The majority of these computational methods for determining toxicness also employ black-box math algorithms. Be that as it may, while such machine learning models might possess much lower capacities for generalization and interpretability, they often achieve high accuracy levels when it comes to predicting a variety of toxicity results. And this is reflected unambiguously by the outcomes of the Tox21 competition. There is a huge capitalization on the ability of present-day Artificial Intelligence (AI) to determine the benchmark data of Tox21 with the aid of a series of 2D-rendered chemical drawings, using no chemical descriptors whatsoever. In particular, we processed some unimportant 2D-based molecules sketches within a controlled convolutional neural 2D network—also represented as 2DConvNet). We also demonstrated that today’s image recognition tech culminates in prediction correctness which can be compared to cutting-edge cheminformatics contraptions. Moreover, the 2DConvNet’s image-based model was evaluated comparatively dwelling on a set of external compounds from the stables of the Prestwick chemical library. They led to an experimental recognition of substantial and initially undocumented antiandrogen tendencies for diverse drugs in the generic and well-established categories.
Gradient Descent is a Technique for Learning to Learn
In machine learning, the transition from hand-designed features to learned features has been a huge success. Regardless, optimization methods are still created by hand. In this study, we illustrate how an optimization method's design can be recast as a learning problem, allowing the algorithm to automatically learn to exploit structure in the problems of interest. On the tasks for which they are taught, our learning algorithms, implemented by LSTMs, beat generic, hand-designed competitors, and they also adapt well to other challenges with comparable structure. We show this on a variety of tasks, including simple convex problems, neural network training, and visual styling with neural art.
Copyright (c) 2018 Taposh Kumar Neogy, Naresh Babu Bynagari
Review of Socio-economic Conditions of Bidi Workers in Bangladesh: Perspective Haragachh, Rangpur
The government is trying to discourage smoking through various programs, and at the same time is generating huge revenue from this sector. Basically, it is a contradiction. This research is also discouraging the bidi industry. According to the REOBTB (2019) report, the number of bidi workers in the country is 1,34,926, of which 54,694 are engaged in permanent production and excluding the number of children, this number stands at 47,918 with an average monthly income of Tk 1,982. According to the report, the total number of bidi industries in the country is 198. Every year a large number of bidis and cigarettes are produced from these factories which contribute to our national economy. It is very sad but true that, every year a large number of Bidi workers are suffering from complex diseases, which is having a massive negative impact on the national health sector. As a result, it is now more important to assess the socio-economic conditions of these workers properly. Out of the 198 bidi industries in the country, 53 are located in the Rangpur district. As a result, in order to engage the people of the region in sustainable development, it is necessary to properly assess the socio-economic status of this huge number of bidi workers and adopt a proper action plan based on those results. The objective of this study is to assess the socio-economic status of bidi industry workers, Haragachh, Rangpur. Primary and secondary data are used in this research work. Numerical analysis is given priority in the study. A structured questionnaire is used for the purpose of data collection. The results of the study said that, if child labor is not stopped in time, it will be difficult to achieve the SDG goal by 2021-2025. It is a matter of sorrow that no worker bears an appointment letter. As a result, they may face legal complications at any time. At the same time, the health risks in the factory are extremely high. It is time to reduce the health risks of this huge number of bidi workers and take necessary actions to ensure their rights. ------------------------------------- বিড়ি ও বিড়িশ্রম উভয়ই স্বাস্থের জন্য ক্ষতিকর। সরকার নানান কর্মসূচির মাধ্যমে ধূমপানকে নিরুৎসাহিত করার চেষ্টা করছে, এবং একইসাথে এই খাত থেকে প্রচুর রাজস্বও আদায় করছে। এটা পরস্পরবিরোধীতা। দি রেভিনিউ অ্যান্ড এমপ্লয়মেন্ট আউটকাম অব বিড়ি ট্যাক্সেশন ইন বাংলাদেশ (২০১৯) শীর্ষক গবেষণা প্রতিবেদনে বলা হয়েছে, দেশে বিড়ি শ্রমিকের সংখ্যা ১,৩৪,৯২৭জন, যার মধ্যে স্থায়ী উৎপাদন কাজে নিয়োজিত শ্রমিকের সংখ্যা ৫৪,৬৯৪জন এবং শিশুর সংখ্যা বাদ দিলে এই সংখ্যা দাঁড়ায় ৪৬৯১৬জন যাদের মাসিক গড় আয় ১৯৭২টাকা। প্রতিবেদনে আর বলা হয়েছে, দেশে মোট বিড়িশিল্পের সংখ্যা ১৯৮টি। বিবিসি (২০২০) এক প্রতিবেদনে বলেছে, বর্তমানে দেশে বিড়িশিল্পের বাজার প্রায় ২০০০ কোটি টাকার এবং তা ক্রমাগত বাড়ছে। বাজার হিসেবে যা পৃথিবীর ৮ম। প্রতিদিন সরকার এই খাত থেকে ২০ কোটি টাকা রাজস্ব আয় করে। কিন্তু দুঃখজনক হলেও সত্যি, প্রতিবছর বিড়িশ্রমিকদের একটি বড় অংশ জটিল রোগে আক্রান্ত হচ্ছে, যা জাতীয় স্বাস্থ্যখাতে ব্যাপক নেতিবাচক প্রভাব ফেলছে। ফলে সামগ্রিকভাবে এইখাত জাতীয় অর্থনীতিতে নীট কতটুকু ইতিবাচক অগ্রগতি ঘটাচ্ছে তা নিঃন্দেহে গবেষণার দাবি রাখে। কিন্তু তারচেয়েও গুরুত্বপূর্ণ হয়ে পড়েছে আমাদের বর্তমান বিড়িশ্রমিকদের ভালোথাকা—মন্দথাকার বিষয়টি। এই খাতের সাথে প্রত্যক্ষ ও পরোক্ষভাবে কয়েক লক্ষ মানুষ জড়িত। ফলে এইসব বিড়িশ্রমিকদের আর্থ—সামাজিক অবস্থা সঠিকভাবে নিরুপণ করা প্রতিদিন অধিকতর গুরত্বপূর্ণ হয়ে উঠছে।
Oral Literature and Transculturality: A Study of Contemporary Cameroonian Songs
Globalization led by Europe has spread so-called 'universal' values across the globe, which seems to have cultural intermingling as its backdrop. All human endeavors are based on a culture that has become multidimensional. All the time, in their diversity, cultures try to complement and absorb each other. However, in this meeting of cultural giving and receiving, it takes on a new face, the culture shock. This encounter causes major changes in our modern societies, giving way to a loss of cultural identity and internal imbalance. This article aims to analyze the way in which contemporary Cameroonian musicians use cultural and linguistic facts for communication purposes and other arguments. The aim of our work is to show how the various songwriters have found, through song, a new mode of resistance so that African traditions escape sedimentation. In this way, they reconcile the elements of oral tradition and the contributions of modernity to create a hybrid product. To illustrate our point, we have chosen oral texts from different regions of Cameroon. In order to better understand the transcultural reality in the texts, we will highlight the marks of traditional and modern aesthetics, then show that the transcultural is seen as a space of symbiosis between the traditional and the modern.
Ethical Issues on Utilization of AI, Robotics and Automation Technologies
The fast technological advancements in machine intelligence and automation may also arrive with risks and some negative effects on employees, firms, and society at large. Currently, both end-users, scientists, and practitioners have acknowledged the need for machine assistance and also welcome consideration for a robust ethical strategy that will allow a safe application and usage of improved technologies. Artificial Intelligence related ethics has been presented and considered from various standpoints and views. This paper furthers on the subject. Potential ethical issues are envisaged in the area of machine end-user perceptions, privacy, accountability, and the robot/ human rights, design of ethical machines, and technological singularity. It, therefore, possesses the question. What are the current ethical issues with the use of machines? The study adopted a quantitative and qualitative approach to drawing conclusions from the thematic and descriptive analysis. The result shows that majority of the respondents were males 46 (65.7%) while 24(34.3%) were females. They are mainly literates/ Majority 49(70%) are from the private firm and come majorly from the Asian continent. The majority of the respondents view that ethical consideration is necessary for machine and automation design, the machine-human relationship should be improved. Their privacy should be instituted while they consider technology singularity as a severe issue and desire the creation of ethical machines. Following this result, the study documents policy recommendations.
Copyright (c) 2020 Wahiduzzaman Khan, Takudzwa Fadziso
Development of Small Scale Industry in Rangpur Division of Bangladesh: Employee Perception
The financial result of a business largely depends on the employees’ satisfaction. When employees feel happy, then they contribute more attention to the work, show more sincerity. As a result, the production of the organization is increased, and finally, the profit is increased. The study has attempted to find out the perception of employees towards the growth and development of small scale industry in the Rangpur Division of Bangladesh during 2013-14 to 2017-18. The study is empirical. An interview was taken for 400 small-scale industry workers from 16 upazilas through a questionnaire. They were asked about their perception of the growth and development of this industry. The perception of the employee is measured by the Likert scale. The result shows that the participation in decision-making/ implementation perception contains the highest value of 51.0% satisfactory level and the excellent level of satisfaction holds the lowest value of 3.25%. Perquisites structure perception holds the highest value of 48% at a satisfactory level, health, and safety facility perception holds that 36.0% of employees are satisfied. On the other hand, 48% of employees are satisfied in job security perception and the bonus and incentive contain 56.0% of employees are satisfied. For day-care center facilities, 83.0% of employees are dissatisfied. The result concludes that employees show very poor satisfaction in perquisites structure, health, and safety facility, bonus and incentive, day-care center, termination policy, leave policy, and entertainment opportunities. It is mathematically proved that, if the employees are satisfied, then the growth of the organization will be increased. As a result, it is important to satisfy employees properly for the growth and development of the SSI. If that can be done properly, the sustainable development of small-scale industries is possible.
Copyright (c) 2021 Omar Faruque, Md. Motiur Rahman