Evaluating the Effect of Operating Pressure and Riser Height on Irrigation Water Application under Different Wind Conditions in Ethiopia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18034/apjee.v3i1.230Keywords:
Uniformity, operating pressure, riser height, water loss, wind speedAbstract
Efficient and effective use of water resource is crucial to increase crop production. This can be achieved through uniform application of water and by reducing application losses. A field experiment was conducted at Wonji/Shoa Sugarcane Plantation (Ethiopia) to study the effect of sprinkler operating pressure and riser height on water distribution uniformity under different wind conditions. Three levels of operating pressure and two levels of sprinkler riser height, under three different wind conditions, were examined during the experiment. From the research evaporation and drift losses ranging from 11.2% to 16.4% were determined. Potential application efficiency (PAE) of 47.7% to 91.3% and actual application efficiency of low-quarter (AELQ) of 32.9% to 38.6% were achieved under various test combinations. Christiansen’s coefficient of uniformity (CU) of 71.7% to 81.7% and distribution uniformity (DU) of 56% to 75.7% were obtained under different test combinations. The results indicated that increase riser height leads to increase in sprinkler water uniformity. Higher sprinkler water uniformity and low application water loss have been encountered during low wind speed condition.
Metrics
Downloads
References
Abo-Ghobar, M., 1993. Evaporation and drift losses from sprinkler irrigation systems under hot and dry conditions. Journal of King Saud University, 5 (2): 153-164.
Abo-Ghobar, M., 1994. The effect of riser height and nozzle size on evaporation and drift losses under arid conditions. Journal of King Saud University, 6 (2): 191-202.
Ahaneku, I.E., 2010. Performance evaluation of portable sprinkler irrigation system in Llorin, Nigeria. Indian Journal of Science and Technology, 3(7), 853-857.
Al-Ghobari, M. H., Al-Rajh, A. A., 2001. The influence of nozzle and riser characteristics on sprinkler water distribution under dry climate. Res. Bult., No. (109), Res. Cent. Coll. of Agri., King Saud Univ., pp. (5-25).
Al-Jumaily, K. K., Abdul-Kader, S., 2008. Spray losses in sprinkler irrigation systems in Iraq. Twelfth International Water Technology Conference, IWTC12 2008 Alexandria, Egypt.
Allen, R.G., Pereira, L.S., Raes, D., Smith, M., 1998. Crop evapotranspiration-Guidelines for computing crop water requirements. FAO Irrigation and drainage paper 56. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy.
Beer, T., Bhembe, B., 2008. Usuthu Mutwe farmer association report. Swaziland Technical Audit of Farmers Association. Mbabane, Swaziland.
Burt, C.M., Clemmens, A.J., Strelkoff, T.S. Solomon, K.H., Bliesner, R.D., Hardy, L.A., Howell, T.A., Eisenhauer, D.E., 1997. Irrigation Performance Measures: Efficiency and uniformity. Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering. 123(6), 423-442.
Cuenca, R., 1989. Irrigation system design. An engineering approach. Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey 07632.
Dechmi, F., 2002. Water management in sprinkler irrigation systems in the Ebro Valley: Current situation and scenario simulations. A Ph.D. Dissertation Presented to Universitat de lleida. Zaragoza, Spain.
El-Shafei, A., Allam, K. A., Zin El-Abedin, T. K., 2008. Heterogeneity analysis of sprinkler irrigation in peanut fields. Irrigation and Drainage. Misr Journal of Agricultural Engineering, 25(1): 58- 86.
Gabriel, S., Ezra, P., Oniward, S., Tendai, M., 2011. Performance of 4 mm impact sprinklers at different spacing within acceptable pressure range (250-350 kPa). International Journal of Engineering Science and Technology (IJEST), Vol.3 No.3. ISSN: 0975-5462.
Ismail, Samir, M., Metwafly, Al., Sabbah, M. A., 1996. Irrigation systems evaluation in desert farming. Desert Development Center (DDC), American University in Cairo (AUC), Egypt.
Kahlown, M. A., Raoof, A., Zubair, M., Kemper, W. D., 2007. Water use efficiency and economic feasibility of growing rice and wheat with sprinkler irrigation in the Indus Basin of Pakistan. Agricultural Water Management (87) 292–298.
Kamey, B. W., Podmore, T. H., 1984. Performance of stationary gun irrigation systems. Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering 110:75-87.
Keller, J., Bliesner, R.D., 1990. Sprinkler and trickle irrigation. Van Nestrand Reinhold. New York.
Lecina, S., Playan, E., Isidoro, D., Dechmi, F., Causape, J., Faci, J.M., 2005. Irrigation evaluation and simulation at the Irrigation District V of Bardenas (Spain). Agricultural Water Management (73) 223–245. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2004.10.007.
Lecler, N.L., Jumman A., 2009. Irrigated sugarcane production functions. Proceeding of South African Sugar Technology Association, 82: 604 – 607.
Lopez-Mata, E., Tarjuelo, J.M., de Juan, J.A., Ballesteros, R., Dominguez, A., 2010. Effect of irrigation uniformity on the profitability of crops. Agricultural Water Management (98) 190–198. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2010.08.006
Magwenzi, O.E., 2000. Evaluation of irrigation efficiency in the Swaziland sugar industry. Swaziland Sugar Association Extension Services. pp. 151-156. Proceedings of South African Sugar Technology Association, 74.
Marco, A., Humpherys, A.S., Spiess, L.B., Decroix, M., 1989. Annotated Bibliography. The influence of wind on sprinkler irrigation. International Commission on Irrigation and Drainage 48, Nyaya Marc, Chanakyapur, New Delhi –110021.
Merkley, G.P., Allen, R.G., 2004. Sprinkle and trickle irrigation lecture notes, Utah State University, USA.
Merriam, J.L., Shearer, M.N., Burt, C.M., 1983. Evaluating irrigation systems and practices. In: Jensen M.E. Design and operation of farm irrigation systems. Irrigation and Drainage Notes. Michigan, U.S.A.
Moazed, H., Bavi, A., Boroomand-Nasab, S., Naseri, A., Albaji M., 2010. Effects of climatic and hydraulic parameters on water uniformity coefficient in solid set systems. Journal of Sciences. ISSN 1812-5654.
Molle, B., Tomas, S., Hendawi, M., Granier, J., 2011. Evaporation and wind drift losses during sprinkler irrigation influenced by droplet size distribution. Irrigation and Drainage Engineering 61: 240–250. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ird.648
Montazar, A., Sadeghi, M., 2008. Effects of applied water and sprinkler irrigation uniformity on alfalfa growth and hay yield. Agricultural Water Management (95) 1279–1287. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2008.05.005
Montero, J., Tarjuelo, J.M., Ortega, J.F., 2000. Heterogeneity analysis of the irrigation in fields with medium size sprinklers, CIGR volume (2) 1682-1130, USA.
Nasab, S.B., Baradanare-Hezave, F., Behzad, M., 2007. Technical evaluation of sprinkler irrigation systems in Akra, Iran. Journal of Applied Sciences 7(21): 3338-3341. ISSN 1812-5654.
Ortega, J.F., Montero, J., Tarjuelo, J.M., de Juan J.A., 2003. Discharge efficiency in sprinkling irrigation: Analysis of the evaporation and drift losses in semi-arid areas, CIGR, USA.
Playan E., Salvador, R., Faci, J.M., Zapata, N., Martinez-Cob, A., Sanchez, I., 2005. Day and night wind drift and evaporation losses in sprinkler solid-sets and moving laterals. Agricultural Water Management (76) 139–159. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2005.01.015.
Shauq, A.A., 2003. Evaluation of Chinese rain gun Py1-30 with different nozzle sizes. Pakistan Journal of Water Resources, 7 (2): 15-19.
Smajstrla, A.G., Boman, B.J., Clark, G.A., Haman, D.Z., Harrison, D.S., Izuno, F.T., Pitts, D.J., Zazueta, F.S., 2002. Efficiencies of Florida agricultural irrigation systems. Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, BUL247.
Smajstrla, A.G., Zazueta, F.S., 2003. Evaporation loss during sprinkler irrigation. Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. BUL290.
Tarjuelo, J.M., Montero, J., Honrubia, F.T., Ortiz, J.J., Ortega, J.F., 1999. Analysis of uniformity of sprinkle irrigation in a semi-arid area. Agricultural Water Management (40) 315-331.
Tarjuelo, J.M., Ortega, J.F., Montero, J., de Juan, J.A., 2000. Modeling evaporation and drift losses in irrigation with medium size impact sprinklers under semi-arid conditions. Agricultural Water Management (43) 263-284.
Yacoubi, S., Zayani, K., Slatni, A., Playan, E., 2012. Assessing sprinkler irrigation performance using field evaluations at the Medjerda Lower Valley of Tunisia. Engineering, 2012, 4, 682-691. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/eng.2012.410087
Yacoubi, S., Zayani, K., Zapata, N., Zairi, A., Slatni, A., Salvador, R., Playan, E., 2010. Day and night time sprinkler irrigated tomato: Irrigation performance and crop yield. Agricultural Water Management (107) 25-35.
Zapata, N., Playan, E., Martinez-Cob, A., Sanchez, I., Faci, J.M., Lecina, S., 2007. From on-farm solid-set sprinkler irrigation design to collective irrigation network design in windy areas. Agricultural Water Management (87) 187-199. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2006.06.018
-- 0 --
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
