Analysis of the Impact of Graphical Warning Label on Smokers
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18034/mjmbr.v6i1.464Keywords:
Warning Labels, packets, smoking, cigarettes, quit intention, GWL (Graphic Warning Labels)Abstract
Objective: The Fundamental objective this paper to explore the impacts of warning label on the smokers. Whether smokers are discouraging from this warning label or not? This research was started in September 2016 and done in January 2017. (Five months). Methodology: Both primary & secondary data was used for data collection. Secondary data was taken from the research articles, periodicals, hospital’s annual reports and health magazines. For primary data collection, a testified five point Likert scale questionnaire was used. We’ve distributed 1800 questionnaires in nine (9) cities, 200 in each city. By using stratified random sampling technique. Finally received (n=1726) that were properly filled by all aspects. Our population was Punjab province and sample was nine cities including Federal Capital of Islamic Republic of Pakistan: Islamabad, Lahore, Okara, Sahiwal, Faisalabad, Jhang, Layyah, Bahawalpur & Multan. After that data was analyzed on Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS 21.0). Cronbach’s alpha (ἀ) of our research study was 0.862. It shows the well-organized reliability of our data. Results: Correlation ‘flank-by’ D.V (Intention to quit), IV (warning label) and M.V (demographic factors) shows that, “yes there is an association among them”. Regression Analysis retrospect that they have a week but positive relationship. Durbin Watson’s explorations were also showing same frequencies. Findings: We’ve found that well educated & privileged respondents have less smoking habit than un-educated & underprivileged persons. Male & female students are also indulged in the curse of smoking, without caring of their pocket money. Teen aged & educated smokers, notices the warning label intensely as compared to others, but ignored. So Govt. & health agencies should acquaint the novel way that discourage the smokers in real sense.
Metrics
Downloads
References
Ahmed, A. E., Alwadey, A. M., & Areabi, H. A. (2016). Validation of Arabic Questionnaire on Impact of Gulf Council Countries Cigarette Package Warning Labels. Journal of International Oral Health, 8(3), 313.
Ahsan, M., Saad, M., Jawed, M., Akhtar, S., Haseeb, A., Bilal, M., & Ahmed, A. (2016). Impact of tobacco health warnings on smokers in Pakistan. Age (years), 20(30), 375.
Awan, Abdul Ghafoor & Syed Farhan Gilani (2016) “Analysis of the impact of cellphone usage on Pakistan’s culture “, Global Journal of Management and Social Sciences, Vol.2 (3):1- 31.
Awan, Abdul Ghafoor and Shayigon Modni (2016). “Fashion conscious behavior of working and non-working women in Pakistan-An empirical analysis”, Global Journal of Management and Social Sciences, Vol.2 (2):71-76.
Emery, L. F., Romer, D., Sheerin, K. M., Jamieson, K. H., & Peters, E. (2014). Affective and cognitive mediators of the impact of cigarette warning labels. Nicotine & tobacco research, 16(3), 263-269. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntt124
Finkbeiner, K. M., Wilson, K. M., Russell, P. N., & Helton, W. S. (2015). The effects of warning cues and attention-capturing stimuli on the sustained attention to response task. Experimental brain research, 233(4), 1061-1068 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00221-014-4179-3
Ford, A., Moodie, C., Purves, R., & MacKintosh, A. M. (2016). Adolescent girls and young adult women's perceptions of superslims cigarette packaging: a qualitative study. BMJ open, 6(1), e010102 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2015-010102
Hitchman, S. C., Driezen, P., Logel, C., Hammond, D., & Fong, G. T. (2013). Changes in effectiveness of cigarette health warnings over time in Canada and the United States, 2002–2011. Nicotine & tobacco research, ntt196.
Jung, M. (2016). Implications of Graphic Cigarette Warning Labels on Smoking Behavior: An International Perspective. Journal of cancer prevention, 21(1), 21. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15430/JCP.2016.21.1.21
Lau, W. M., Ting, H., Chuah, F., & De Run, E. C. (2016). Warning Signage on Cigarette Packaging and Buying Behaviour: Does It Really Matter?
MacKinnon, D. P., Pentz, M. A., & Stacy, A. W. (1993). The alcohol warning label and adolescents: the first year. American Journal of Public Health, 83(4), 585-587. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.83.4.585
Ming, L. W., de Run, E. C., Ting, H., Chuah, F., & Singh, G. (2012). Warning Signage on Cigarette Packaging and Buying Behaviour: Does It Really Matter?
Song, A. V., Brown, P., & Glantz, S. A. (2014). When health policy and empirical evidence collide: the case of cigarette package warning labels and economic consumer surplus. American journal of public health, 104(2), e42-e51. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2013.301737
Yong, H. H., Borland, R., Thrasher, J. F., Thompson, M. E., Nagelhout, G. E., Fong, G. T., & Cummings, K. M. (2014). Mediational pathways of the impact of cigarette warning labels on quit attempts. Health Psychology, 33(11), 1410. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/hea0000056
-- 0 --
