Effects of Operating Pressure, Nozzle Diameter and Wind Speed on the Performance of Sprinkler in Irrigation System during Water Application
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18034/abcjar.v7i2.78Keywords:
nozzle diameter, operating pressure, uniformity, wind speedAbstract
Owing to an increasing demand for irrigation water associated with the massive expansion of irrigated sugarcane farms in Ethiopia, there is a need to use the available water efficiently and effectively. Accordingly, a study was conducted to evaluate the effect of operating pressure and nozzle size on the field performance of dragline sprinkler system at Wonji/Shoa Sugar Estate. The study was conducted under three wind phases (morning, mid-day and late afternoon) using three operating pressures (250 kPa, 300 kPa and 350 kPa) and two nozzle sizes (4.4 and 4.8 mm). Uniformity measurements were performed using single sprinkler and four sprinklers configurations. An application efficiency of low-quarter of 41% to 80.3% and actual application efficiency of low-quarter of 30.1% to 37.5% were achieved under the respective test combinations. Christiansen’s coefficient of uniformity of 71.7% to 86.3%, and distribution uniformity of 61% to 80.3% were achieved under different test combinations for four sprinklers test. The achievable delivery performance ratio was in the range of 0.81 to 1.18. The experimental results illustrated that, lower operating pressure and higher wind velocity were the major factors responsible for the low water distribution uniformity and efficiency.
Downloads
References
Abo-Ghobar M, Al-Amoud AI (1992). Performance characteristics of various impact sprinkler types locally used. J. King Saud Univ. Agric. Sci. 4 (2): 75-187.
Ahaneku IE (2010). Performance evaluation of portable sprinkler irrigation system in Llorin, Nigeria. Indian J. Sci. Technol.3 (7): 853–857.
Ascough GW, Kiker GA (2002). The effect of irrigation uniformity on irrigation water requirements. Water SA 28 (2): 235–242.
Dechmi F (2002). Water management in sprinkler irrigation systems in the Ebro Valley: Current 289 situation and scenario simulations. A Ph.D. Dissertation Presented to Universitat de lleida, Zaragoza, Spain.
Dechmi F, Playan E, Faci J, Tejero M, Bercero A (2003a). Analysis of an irrigation district in North-Eastern Spain: II: Irrigation evaluation, simulation and scheduling. Agric. Water Manage 61: 93–109. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-3774(03)00021-0
Dechmi F, Playán J, Cavero J, Faci JM, Martínez-Cob A (2003b). Wind effects on solid set sprinkler irrigation depth and corn yield. Irrigation Science 22: 67–77. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00271-003-0071-9
Ismail, Samir M, Metwafly Al, Sabbah MA (1996). Irrigation systems evaluation in desert farming. Desert Development Center (DDC), American University in Cairo (AUC), Egypt.
Kara T, Ekmekci E, Apan M (2008). Determining the uniformity coefficient and water distribution characteristics of some sprinklers. Pak. J. Biol. Sci. 11 (2): 214–219.
Keller J, Bliesner RD (1990). Sprinkler and trickle irrigation. Van Nestrand Reinhold. New York.
Lecina S, Playan E, Isidoro D, Dechmi F, Causape J, Faci JM (2005). Irrigation evaluation and simulation at the Irrigation District V of Bardenas (Spain). Agric. water Manage 73: 223–245.
Magwenzi OE (2000). Evaluation of irrigation efficiency in the Swaziland sugar industry. Swaziland Sugar Association Extension Services. Proc. S Afr Sug Technol Ass 74:151-156.
Maroufpoor E, Faryabi A, Ghamarnia H, Moshrefi G (2010). Evaluation of uniformity coefficients for Sprinkler irrigation systems under different field conditions in Kurdistan Province (Northwest of Iran). Soil & Water Res. 5 (4): 139–145.
Megersa O (2004). Evaluation of the field water application performance of sprinkler irrigation system at Finchaa sugar estate. An MSc Thesis submitted to Arbaminch University, Ethiopia.
Merkley GP, Allen RG (2004). Sprinkle and trickle irrigation lecture notes. Utah State University, USA.
Merriam JL, Keller J (1978). Farm irrigation system evaluation: A Guide for Management. Department of Agricultural and Irrigation Engineering, Utah State University, Logan, U.S.A.
Merriam JL, Shearer MN, Burt CM (1983). Evaluating irrigation systems and practices, in: Jensen ME. Design and Operation of Farm Irrigation Systems. Irrigation and drainage Notes. Michigan, U.S.A.
Moazed H, Bavi A, Boroomand-Nasab S, Naseri A, Albaji M (2010). Effects of climatic and hydraulic parameters on water uniformity coefficient in solid set systems. J. Applied Sci. 10 (16): 1792-1796.
Montero J, Tarjuelo JM, Ortega JF (2000). Heterogeneity analysis of the irrigation in fields with medium size sprinklers. CIGR 2: 1682-1130.
Nasab SB, Baradanare-Hezave F, Behzad M (2007). Technical evaluation of sprinkler irrigation 322 systems in Akra, Iran. J. Applied Sci. 7 (21): 3338-3341.
Osei, FKB (2009). Evaluation of sprinkler irrigation system for improved maize seed production for farmers in Ghana. An MSc. thesis submitted to the department of agricultural engineering, Kwame Nkrumah university of science and technology, Ghana.
Playan E, Burguete J, Zapata N, Salvador R, Capetillo CB, Cavero1 JA, Cob M, Faci J, Dechmi F (2009). Mathematical problems and solutions in sprinkler irrigation. Monograf´ıas de la Real Academia de Ciencias de Zaragoza 31: 153–174.
Playan E, Salvador R, Faci JM, Zapata N, Martinez-Cob A, Sanchez I (2005). Day and night wind drift and evaporation losses in sprinkler solid-sets and moving laterals. Agric. Water Manage 76: 139–159.
Sanchez I, Facia JM, Zapata, N (2011). The effects of pressure, nozzle diameter and meteorological conditions on the performance of agricultural impact sprinklers. Agric. Water Manage 102: 13–24.
Sanchez I, Zapata N, Faci JM (2010). Combined effect of technical, meteorological and agronomical factors on solid-set sprinkler irrigation: I. Irrigation performance and soil water recharge in alfalfa and maize. Agric. Water Manage 97: 1571–1581.
Smajstrla AG, Boman, BJ, Clark, GA, Haman, DZ, Harrison, DS, Izuno, FT, Pitts, DJ, Zazueta FS (2002). Efficiencies of Florida agricultural irrigation systems. Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, BUL. 247.
Solomon KH (1979). Variability of sprinkler coefficient of uniformity test results. Transactions of the ASAE 22: 1078–1086.
Tarjuelo, JM, Montero J, Honrubia FT, Ortiz JJ, Ortega JF (1999). Analysis of uniformity of sprinkler irrigation in a semi-arid area. Agric. Water Manage 40: 315–331.
Topak R, Suheri S, Ciftci N, Acar B (2005). Performance evaluation of sprinkler irrigation in a semi-arid area. Pak. J. Biol. Sci. 8 (1): 97–103.
Trajuelo JM, Valiente M, Lozoya J (1992). Working conditions of a sprinkler to optimize the application of water. J. Irrig. and Drain. 118: 895–913.
Yacoubi S, Zayani K, Zapata N, Zairi A, Slatni A, Salvador R, Playan E (2010). Day and night time sprinkler irrigated tomato: Irrigation performance and crop yield. Agric. Water Manage 107: 25–35.
--0--
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
How to Cite
