Soil Phosphorus Fractions as Influenced by Different Cropping Systems: Direct and Indirect Effects of Soil properties on Different P Pools of Nitisols of Wolayta, Ethiopia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18034/apjee.v3i1.227Keywords:
Soil properties, cropping system, P pools, Path analysis, Inorganic P fractions, NitisolsAbstract
Data from 12 surface soils (0 – 15 cm depth)of three cropping systems (enset, maize and grazing land) and path analysis was used to evaluate effects of soil properties: pH, texture (Clay, silt and sand) , organic carbon (OC) cation exchange capacity (CEC),citrate-dithionite-bicarbonate (CDB) extractable Fe and Al (Fed and Ald) on total phosphorous (Pt), organic phosphorous (Po), Olsen P (Available P) and Chang and Jackson (1957) inorganic phosphorous (Pi) fractions. Correlation analysis was performed to study the relationships between soil properties and different soil P pools while path analysis model was used to evaluate direct and indirect effect of these soil properties on the P pools. Only soil properties that significantly contribute to the fit of the model were used. High significant values of coefficient of determination (R2) and low values of uncorrelated residual (U) values indicate the path analysis model explains most of the variations in soil Pt, Po, Olsen-P, Saloid-P, Ca-P, Al-P, and Fe-P pools. Soil pH had significantly high and positive direct effect (D = 0.618*) on Pt, (D = 1.044***) on saloid P, and (D = 1.109***) on Fe-P with modest and negative indirect effect (D= -0.478 and -0.405) on saloid P and Fe-P, respectively, through OC. The direct effect of clay on Ca-P, Al-P and Fe-P (readily available P forms) was significant and negative with a relatively higher indirect effect on Fe-P through pH suggesting that clay is dominant soil property that influences readily available P pools in Nitisols of the study area. Fed had significant and negative direct effect (D = -0.430*) on Olsen available P with low negative indirect effect ( D = -0.154) through pH results in significant and negative correlation (r = -0.657*). The significant and negative direct effect of Fed on Olsen P indicates that crystalline iron is the sink for available P. Relative influence of the soil properties on the soil P pools was in the order: pH > clay > Fed > OC. These results show that most of P pools of Nitisols of Wolayita are best predicted from pH, clay (texture), Fed and OC. On the other hand, our data also show that the inclusion of other soil variables is needed to fully predict Ca-P and stable P pools.
Metrics
Downloads
References
Barrow, N.J. 1999. The four laws of soil chemistry: the Leeper lecture. 1998. Aust. J. Soil Res. 37(5): 787-831
Basta, N.T., D.J. Pantone, and M.A. Tabatabai. 1993. Path analysis of heavy metal adsorption by soil. Agron. J. 85 (5):1054–1057
Bloom, P. R., M. B. McBride and R. W. Weaver. 1979. Aluminum and organic matter in acid soil. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 43: 813-815. [CrossRef]
Borggaard, O. K., S. S. Jorgans, J. P. Moberg, and B. Raben-Lang. 1990. Influences of organic matter on phosphate adsorption by aluminum and iron oxides in sandy soils. Soil Sci. 41(3): 443-449.
Brady, N. C. and R. R. Weil. 2002. The nature and properties of soil. 13th ed. Peason Education Inc., Upper Saddle River, New Jersey, USA.
Chang, S. C. and M. L. Jackson. 1957. Fractionation of soil phosphorus. Soil Sci. 84:133-144
Curtin, D., C. A. Campbell and D. Messer. 1996. Prediction of titratable acidity and soil sensitivity to pH change. J. Environ. Qual. 25(6): 1280-1284.
Dalal, R. C.1977. Soil organic phosphorus. Advances in Agronomy. 28: 83 - 117
FAO. 1998. World Reference Base for Soil Resources. World Resource Report 84. FAO – ISRIC - ISSS
Frossaard, E., J. W. B. Stewart and R. J. Arnaud. 1989. Distribution and mobility of phosphorus in grassland and forest soils of Saskatchewan, Can. J. Soil. Sci. 69: 401-416.
Harris, W. G., R.D. Kidder and R. Littell. 1996. Phosphorus retention as related to morphology and taxonomy of sandy coastal plain soil materials. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 60: 1513 – 1521
Havlin, J. L., J. D. Beaton and S. L. Tisdale. 1999. Soil fertility and fertilizers. MacMillian Pub. Co., New York.
Hedley, M. J., J. M. Mortvedt, N. S. Bolan and J. K. Syres. 1995. Phosphorus fertility management in agro-ecosystems. P. 59 – 92. In: H. Tiessen (Ed). Phosphorus in the global environment, transfer, cycles, and management, J. Wiley and Sons. New York, NY.
Hesse, P.R. 1994. A textbook of soil chemical analysis. Chemical Pub. Co. Ltd; New York, pp. 556.
Ige, D. V., O. O. Akinremi and D. N. Flaten. 2007. Direct and Indirect Effects of Soil Properties on Phosphorus Retention Capacity.Soil Sci. Soc.Am. J. 71(1): 95 – 100.
Krishnasamy, R., and K.K. Mathan. 2001. Path coefficient analysis of zinc and boron adsorption in soils. Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. 32:465–475.
Li, C.C. 1975. Path analysis—A premier. Boxwood Press, Pacific Grove, CA
McIntosh, P.D., R. S Gibson, S. Saggar, G. W. Yeates and P. McGimpsey. 1999. Effects of contrasting farm management on vegetation and biological conditions of moist steep land soils of the south Island high country, New Zealand. Aust. J. Soil Res. 37: 847-866.
Murphy, J. and J. P. Riley. 1962. A modified single solution method for the determination of phosphate in natural waters. Anal. Chem. Acta. 27:31-36.
Nelson, P. N. and J. M. Oades. 1998. Organic matter, sodicity and soil structure. P 67- 91, In: M. E. Sumner and N. Naidu (eds.) sodic soils; distributions, processes, management, and environmental consequences. Oxford University Press, New York, NY.
O’Halloran,, L. P., J. W. B. Stewart and R. G. Kachanoski. 1987. Influences of texture and management practices on the forms and distribution of soil phosphorus. Can. J. Soil Sci. 67: 147 – 163.
Olsen, S. R. and L. E. Sommers. 1982. Phosphorus. P. 403-429. In: A.L. Page et al. (Ed.). Methods of soil analysis part 2. 2Ed. Am. Soc. Agron. Madison. WI
Olsen, S.R., C.V. Cole, F. S. Wantanab and L. A. Dean. 1954. Estimation of available phosphorus in soils by extracting with sodium bicarbonate. USDA circular 939, US government printing office, Washington, D.C.
Pandey, S. P., R. S. Singh, and S. K. Mishra. 2000. Availability of Phosphorus and Sulfur in Inceptisols of Centeral Uttar Pradesh. J. Indian Soc. Soil Sci., 48(1): 118 - 121
Pieri, C. 1992. Fertility of soils: a future for farming in the West Africa Savanna. Springer, Verlag. Berlin
Robbins, C. W., D. T. Westermann and I. I. FFreeborn. 1999. Phosphorus forms and extractability from three subsoil’s. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 65: 1717 – 1724.
Ron Vaz, M. D., A. C. Edwards, C. A. Shand and M. S. Cresser. 1993. Phosphorus fractions in soil solution. Influencees of soil acidity and fertilizer addition. Plant and Soil. 148: 175 – 183.
Ryan, J. D., D. Curtin and M. A. Chemma. 1985. Significance of iron oxides and calcium carbonate particle size in phosphate sorption by calcareous soils. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 49: 74 – 76
SAS institute. 2000. SAS user's guide. Version 8.2 ed. SAS Inst., Cary, NC.
Sharpley, A. N. 1985. Phosphorus cycling in unfertilized and fertilized agricultural soils. Soil.Sci. Soc. Am. J. 49: 905 – 911.
Sharpley, A. N., V. singh, G. Uehara and J. Kimble. 1989. Modeling soil and plant phosphorus dynamics in calcareous and highly weathered soils. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 53: 119 – 226.
Sibanda, H. M. and S. D. Young. 1986. Competitive adsorption of humus acids and phosphorus on goethite, gibbsite and two tropical soils. Soil Sci. J. 37: 197-204.
Sumner, M. E. 1997. Measurement of soil pH: Problems and solution. Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. 25: 859-879
Tekalign Mamo and J. Haque. 1987. Phosphorus status of some Ethiopian soils, Sorption characteristics. Plants soils. 102: 261-266
Tiessen, H., J. W. B. Stewart and C. V. Cole. 1984. Pathways of phosphorus transformation in soils of differing pedogenesis. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 48: 853
Tisdale, S. L., W.L. Nelson and J. D. Beaton. 1993. Soil fertility and fertilizer. Fifth Ed., MacMillan Pub. Co., New York.
Vitousek, P. M. and R.W. Howarth. 1991. Nitrogen limitation on land and in the sea. How can it occur? Biogeochemistry 13: 87 - 115.
Walkley, A. and I. A. Black. 1934. An examination of Degtjareff method for determination of soil organic and proposal modification of the chromic acid titration method. Soil Sci. 37: 29-38
Wright, S. 1921. Correlation and causation. J. Agric. Res. 20:557–585.
Yan,, F., S. Schubert and K Mengel. 1996. Soil pH increase due to biological decarboxylation organic anions. Soil Biol. Bioch. 28: 617 – 628.
Yu, T. R. 1997. Chemistry of variable-charge soils. Oxford University Press, New York, Pp. 520.
-- 0 --
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
