Reducing Unemployment, Poverty and Promoting Empowerment through Skills Acquisition (TVET): A Case Study of Returnee Migrants

Authors

  • Onyekachi Ohagwu Universiti Malaysia Sarawak
  • Zamri bin Hj Hassan Universiti Malaysia Sarawak
  • Dolly Paul Carlo Universiti Malaysia Sarawak

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18034/ajhal.v8i1.548

Keywords:

Migrants, Returnee migrants, Poverty, Unemployment, Skill acquisition (TVET), Empowerment

Abstract

This paper explains recent statistics and phenomena related to returnee migrants in Edo state, Nigeria. The significance of this paper is that it creates awareness on causes and motives behind irregular migration leading to repatriation (returned migrants). Based on data gathered from most research participants (returnee migrant) – the quest to improve one’s socioeconomic living conditions are the motives behind most Nigerians’ migration journey (regular or irregular) to western countries (i.e., Europe, Canada, USA, etc.). The socioeconomic imbalance in Nigeria is mainly caused by the high rate of unemployment and poverty; thus, the majority of Nigerians are of the opinion that migrating to western countries, is a potential pathway to an improved socioeconomic living condition. This paper further suggests – skill acquisition (TVET) as an approach to reduce unemployment and poverty; thus, economically improving the socioeconomic living conditions of the majority of Nigerians. 

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biographies

  • Onyekachi Ohagwu, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak

    Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, MALAYSIA

  • Zamri bin Hj Hassan, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak

    Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, MALAYSIA

  • Dolly Paul Carlo, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak

    Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, MALAYSIA

References

Bwalya, S. (2018). Illegal Migration: UNDP collaborates with Edo Government to empower youths. Retrieved on 14 April, 2021. https://www.pmnewsnigeria.com/2018/03/20/illegal-migration-undp-collaborates-with-edo-govt-to-empower-youths/

Cable News Network CNN (2017). People for sale: Exposing migrant slave auctions in Libya. Retrieved on 15 April, 2021. https://edition.cnn.com/specials/africa/libya-slave-auctions.

Cable News Network CNN (2018). Nigeria overtakes India in extreme poverty ranking. Cable News Network CNN. Retrieved on 15 April, 2021. https://edition.cnn.com/2018/06/26/africa/nigeria-overtakes-india-extreme-poverty-intl/index.html.

Edo State Taskforce Against Human Trafficking ETAHT (2020). ETAHT report 2020. Edo State Taskforce Against Human Trafficking.

Essays, UK. (November 2013). Define Empowerment Capacity Building And Participation Psychology Essay. Retrieved 18 September, 2017. https://www.ukessays.com/essays/psychology/define-empowerment-capacity-building-and-participation-psychology-essay.php?cref=1

European Migration Network EMN (2015). Challenges and good practices in the return and reintegration of irregular migrants to West Africa. European Commission.

European Parliamentary Research Service EPRS (2017). Reintegration of returning migrants. Brussels: European Union. Retrieved on 15 April, 2021. https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/BRIE/2017/608779/EPRS_BRI(2017)608779_EN.pdf

Fund, B. M. (2014). The risks of investing in SCORE and Sarawak dams. Switzerland: Bruno Manser Fund.

Galindo, J. (2020). International Organization for Migration: Nigeria report 2020. International Organization for Migration.

International Organization for Migration IOM (2011). International Migration Law: Glossary on Migration (2nd Ed.). Geneva: International Organization for Migration.

International Organization for Migration (2017). UN Migration Agency, EU partner to provide returning Nigerian migrants with reintegration assistance. International Organization for Migration.

International Organization for Migration (2018). Over 8,000 Nigerian migrants return home with IOM assistance in past 12 months. Retrieved on 15 April, 2020. https://www.iom.int/news/over-8000-nigerian-migrants-return-home-iom-assistance-past-12-months

International Organisation for Migration IOM (2019). New projects aims to scale up reintegration assistance to returnees in Nigeria. Retrieved on 15 April, 2021. https://www.iom.int/news/new-project-aims-scale-reintegration-assistance-returnees-nigeria.

Keiffer, C. (1984). Citizen empowerment: A developmental perspective. Prevention in Human Services, 3(16), 9-35. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1300/J293v03n02_03

Mansi, E., Hysa, E., Panait, M. and Voica, M. C. (2020). Poverty – A challenge for economic development? Evidences from western Balkan countries and the European Union. MDPI Sustainability Journal, Volume 12 (7754), 1-24.

National Bureau of Statistics (2017). Labour Market, Unemployment rate. Nigeria: National Bureau of Statistics. http://www.nigerianstat.gov.ng/

National Bureau of Statistics NBS (2018, 2021). NBS – E-Library. Retrieved on 14 April, 2021. https://nigerianstat.gov.ng/elibrary?queries[search]=unemployment

National Commission for Refugees, Migrants and Internally Displaced Person NCFRMI (2020). Distribution of returnee migrants from Libya by state (February 2017 – May 2018). Nigeria: National Commission for Refugees, Migrants and Internally Displaced Person (NCFRMI).

Ohagwu, O. M. (2020). Technical training: A pathway to youth empowerment. International Journal of Science and Technology, 6(1), 101-112.

Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development OECD (2012). Poverty reduction and pro-poor growth: the role of empowerment. Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development.

Oshionebo, E. (2017). Mismanagement of Nigeria’s oil revenues: is the Nigeria Sovereign Investment Authority the panacea? The Journal of World Energy Law & Business, Volume 10 (4), 329–347. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/jwelb/jwx010

Oturu, A. (2020). Returnee migrants report 2020. Nigeria: National Commission for Refugees, Migrants and Internally Displaced Person (NCFRMI).

Oxford Business Group (2013). ‘The Report Sarawak 2013.’ Oxford Business Group.

United Nations (2013). United Nations World Report: Youth and Migration. United Nations.

United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs UNDESA (2012). Empowerment: What does it mean to you? United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs (UNDESA).

United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organisation UNESCO (2017). Migration as a development challenge: analysis of root causes and policy implications. United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO).

Walker, R. (2010). Pushes and Pulls: Why do people migrate? USA: Crabtree Publishing Company

World Bank (2017). Poverty and equity data: Nigeria. Switzerland: Retrieved on 15 April, 2021 >>> http://povertydata.worldbank.org/poverty/country/NGA

World Bank Group (2017). Country Poverty Brief: Sub-Saharan Africa – Nigeria. Work Bank.

World Poverty Clock WPC (2018; 2020). Nigeria. Retrieved on 14 April, 2021 >>> https://worldpoverty.io/map

--0--

Downloads

Published

2021-04-30

Issue

Vol. 8 No. 1 (2021): January - June Issue

Section

Peer-reviewed Article

License

The CC BY-NC 4.0 license lets others remix, tweak, and build upon your work non-commercially, and although their new works must also acknowledge & be non-commercial, they don’t have to license their derivative works on the same terms.
|| View License Deed ||
|| View Legal Code ||
 
Publishing paper with the "Asian Journal of Humanity, Art and Literature" means that the author or authors retain the copyright in the paper.
This journal is granted an exclusive noncommercial reuse license by the author(s), but the author(s) are able to put the paper onto a website, distribute it to colleagues, give it to students, use it in your thesis, etc, so long as the use is not directed at a commercial advantage or toward private monetary gain.
The author(s) can reuse the figures and tables and other information contained in their paper published by Asian Journal of Humanity, Art and Literature in future papers or work without having to ask anyone for permission, provided that the figures, tables or other information that is included in the new paper or work properly references the published paper as the source of the figures, tables or other information, and the new paper or work is not direct at a private monetary gain or commercial advantage.

How to Cite

Ohagwu, O., Hassan, Z. bin H. ., & Carlo, D. P. (2021). Reducing Unemployment, Poverty and Promoting Empowerment through Skills Acquisition (TVET): A Case Study of Returnee Migrants. Asian Journal of Humanity, Art and Literature, 8(1), 33-42. https://doi.org/10.18034/ajhal.v8i1.548

Most read articles by the same author(s)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 > >>