Assessment of Sesame Bacterial Blight (Xanthomonas Campestris Pv. Sesami) on Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) in North Gondar, Ethiopia

Authors

  • Asfaw Azanaw Gondar Agricultural Research Center
  • Chemeda Fininsa Haramaya University
  • Samuel O. Sahile University of Gondar
  • Geremew Terefe Sesame Bussiness Network Programme Coordinator

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18034/abcjar.v7i2.81

Keywords:

Sesame, Bacterial blight, Severity, Variable, Association

Abstract

Sesame is one of the important oil crops in Ethiopia for the international market while its production has challenged by lack of appropriate agronomic practices, weather uncertainties, weeds, insects and diseases outbreaks. Bacterial leaf blight caused by Xanthomonas campestris PV. sesami is the most common and inflicts heavy qualitative and quantitative losses. The objectives of the present study were to assess bacterial blight incidence, severity and its association with agronomic practices in north Gondar Ethiopia. A Field survey was conducted in Metema and Mirab Armachiho in 2014 cropping season at flowering and fruiting growth stages. A total of 80 fields were assessed for the disease assessment from both large and small-scale farmers. Data on prevalence, incidence, severity and, management practices have been recorded. All surveyed fields were infected both at flowering and fruiting stage of the crop. Mean incidence over the two districts varied from 78% at Metema to 96.5% at Mirab Armachiho. The minimum mean severity (6.1%) has been recorded in Metema district and, the highest mean severity (76.9%) has been recorded at Mirab Armachiho. The association of independent variables with bacterial blight incidence and severity were varied. The district, variety, growth stage, altitude, slope, crop density, previous crop, soil type, and weed density variables have significantly associated with bacterial blight incidence. Variables producer and sowing date were non-significant as a single predictor in the logistic regression model. Similarly, all the variables were significantly associated with bacterial blight severity. 

 

 

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biographies

  • Asfaw Azanaw, Gondar Agricultural Research Center

    Plant Pathologist, Gondar Agricultural Research Center, P.O.Box 1337 Gondar, ETHIOPIA

  • Chemeda Fininsa, Haramaya University

    Plant Pathologist and University President, Haramaya University, P.O.Box 138 Dire Dawa, ETHIOPIA 

  • Samuel O. Sahile, University of Gondar

    Plant Pathologist, University of Gondar, P.O. Box 309, Gondar, ETHIOPIA  

  • Geremew Terefe, Sesame Bussiness Network Programme Coordinator

    Plant Pathologist, Sesame Bussiness Network Programme Coordinator, P.O.Box 1337 Gondar, ETHIOPIA

References

Agrios, G. N. 2005. Plant Pathology 5th Ed. Academic Press. Inc., New York, U.S.A. pp 616 and 694-697.

Ahmad, Z. Z. 2004. Isolation and characterization of bacterial blight of sesame in rain fed areas of Pakistan. M. Sc. Thesis. Department of Plant Pathology, PMAS Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Pakistan: pp.1-68

Akpa, A.D., I. D. Erinle, S. M. Misari, 1988. Manipulation of sowing dates for the control of bacterial blight of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) induced by Xanthomonas campestris pv. sesami(Sabet & Dowson) dye. Crop Protection 7(6):367–371.

Ashri, A. 1998. Sesame breeding. Plant Breed. rev. 16, 179-228.

Bashir, S., M. Irfan UL-Haque, Tariq Mukhtar, Gulshan Irshad and Muhammad Arshad Hussain, 2007. Pathogenic variation in Pseudomonas syringae and Xanthomonas campestris PV. Sesame associated with blight of sesame. Pakistan Journal Botany, 39(3): 939-943.

Carlsson, A.S., N.P. Chanana, S.Gudu, M.C. Suh, and B.A.Were, 2008. Sesame. In: Kole, C. et al. (Eds.) Compendium of transgenic crop plant- Transgenic oilseed crops. Pp. 227-246. Texas, USA: Wiley Blackwell; 2. ISBN 978-1-405-16924-0.Center), Mexico.

CSA (Central Statistics Authority). 2014. Agricultural sample survey for 2013 report Addis Ababa

EARO (Ethiopian Agricultural Research Organization), 2004. Directory of released crop varieties & their recommended cultural practices. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Fininsa, C., and J. Yuen, 2001. Association of maize rust and leaf blight epidemics with cropping systems in Hararghe highlands, eastern Ethiopia. Crop Protection. 20: 669–678.

Geremew Terefe and Asfaw Tulu, 1992. Ground nut and sesame diseases in Ethiopia. Pp. 162-168. In: oil seed research and development in Ethiopia. Proceedings of first national oil seed work shop, 3-5 December 1991. Institute of Agricultural Research (AIR). Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Geremew Terefe, Adugna Wakjira, Muez Berhe and Hagos Tadesse, 2012. Sesame Production Manual. EIAR and Embassy of the Kingdom of the Netherlands.pp.1-34.

Geremew Terefe, Dereje Gorfu, Dawit Tesfaye and Fekede Abebe, 2009. Review of research on diseases of oil crops in Ethiopia. Pp.253-273. In: Abraham Tadesse (ed.). Increasing crops production through improved plant protection- Volume II. Plant protection of Ethiopia (PPSE).PPSE and EIAR, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Getinet Alemaw, Geremew Terefe, Kassahun Zewdie, and Bulcha weyessa, 1997. Low land oil crops: a three decayed research experience in Ethiopia. Research report No.31. IAR Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Girma Tadesse, 2010. Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) Bacteria Blight: Importance, Management, and Characterization of isolates of Xanthomonas campestris PV. sesami in Assosa zone, west Ethiopia. MSc thesis (Unpublished). Haramaya University. Pp 26-91.

Habish, H. A. and A. H. Hammad, 1970. Effect of certain soil conditions and atmospheric humidity on seedling infection by Xanthomonas sesami Sabet and Dowson. Sudan Agric. J. 5(1): 30-34.

IPMS (Improving Productivity and Market Success), 2005. Metema learning site diagnosis and program design. (Unpublished), ILRI (International Livestock Research Institute), Ethiopia.

Kolte, S.J. 1986. Sesame screening for resistance to diseases. Pp. 225-227. Proceeding of the third oil crops network workshop held in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 6-10 October 1986.

Malaguti, G. 1971. A severe bacterial disease of Sesame in Venezuela. Agron. Trop, 21: 333-336.

McCullagh, P. and J.A. Nelder, 1989. Generalized Linear Models, second ed. Chapman and Hall, London. Pp. 511.

Ojiambo, P.S., R.K. Mibey, R.D. Narla and P.O. Ayiecho, 2003. Field transmission efficiency of Alternaria sesami in sesame from infected seed. Crop Protection 22(9): 1107-1115. In: I.Rehman, F. Deeba, M. I. ul Haque and S. M. Saqlan Naqvi, 2013. Inhibition of sesame seedling growth by Xanthomonas campestris PV. Sesami culture secretions. The Journal of Animal & Plant Sciences, 23(4): 2013, Page: 1207-1210.

Pathirana, R. 1994. Natural cross-pollination in sesame (Sesamum indicum L.). Plant Breed. 112(2), 167-170.

Samuel Sahile, Seid Ahmed, Chemeda, Fininsa, M.M. Abang, and P.K. Sakhuja, 2008b. Survey of chocolate spot (Botrytis fabae) disease of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) and assessment of factors influencing disease epidemics in northern Ethiopia. Crop Protection 27:1457-1463

SAS. 2002. Statistical analysis system (SAS) Institute inc., Cary, NC, USA.

Thomas, C. A. and R. G. Orellana, 1962. A Resistance of sesame varieties and Pathogenicity of strains of Pseudomonas sesami about amino acids and reducing sugars. Phytopathology. 52:30.

--0--

Downloads

Published

2018-12-31

How to Cite

Azanaw, A. ., Fininsa, C. ., Sahile, S. O. ., & Terefe, G. . (2018). Assessment of Sesame Bacterial Blight (Xanthomonas Campestris Pv. Sesami) on Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) in North Gondar, Ethiopia. ABC Journal of Advanced Research, 7(2), 81-94. https://doi.org/10.18034/abcjar.v7i2.81